Lithosphere: Crust and solid upper mantle. Asthenosphere: Plastic, movable part of the mantle. Outer

 Heat from the inner core cause convection currents to flow within the asthenosphere.  Rising currents cause plates to move apart  Sinking currents cause plates to come together.

 Location where two plates are moving apart  Diverging plates cause rift valleys to form  Examples (Mid-Atlantic Ridge and East Pacific Rise, East African rift valley)

 There are 3 types of converging Plate boundaries (continent- ocean, ocean-ocean, continent-continent)  Converging plate boundaries create mountains, volcanoes, and deep trenches to form

 These boundaries occur when plates are forced to slide past one another  The average rate of movement is 5 cm per year  Some spots have not moved for centuries

- Occur where ocean crust and continental crust meet but do not subduct.