An infectious particle made only of a ________________ or ________ surrounded by a ________________. _________________ microrganisms that can cause infection. ____________________ _____________________________________________ -Any __________________ or ___________________ that can cause an __________________________. -Also known as _________________________. LIVING THING PARTICLE INFECTIOUS DISEASE INFECTIOUS AGENT STRAND OF DNA RNA PROTEIN COAT ONE-CELLED PROKARYOTIC

1.PROTEIN COAT, (CAPSID) 2. CHROMOSOME-LIKE PART VIRION: Genetic material surrounded by the capsid.

VIRUSES HAVE DIFFERENT SHAPES 1.__________________: DNA material enclosed within lipid envelope. Often have spikes 2.________________: Long, narrow, coiled shape helix. 3._________________: Many sided viruses ENVELOPED HELICAL POLYHEDRAL

2. Viruses that infect ___________________. a. Enter cell by endocytosis or fusing with the membrane of host cell 1.Viruses that infect _______________ a.____________________- groups of viruses that prey on bacteria. b.Enter cell by first attaching its tail and spikes, breaking down cell wall, and injecting its DNA. Bacteria Bacteriophages Eukaryotes

ANIMATION

LYTIC INFECTIONLYSOGENIC INFECTION

REGARDLESS OF HOW A VIRUS INFECTS, IT IS ALWAYS INFECTIOUS LYTIC INFECTIONLYSOGENIC INFECTION

1._________________________: a. __________ known ‘cold’ viruses’ b. _____________ as the move from one host to the next 2._________________________: a. Spreads quickly and causes ___________________ - ____________________ of an infection that affects many people b. _____________ of US population is infected with flu each year c. Has a high _________________ rate of surface proteins on capsids-________________________________ __________________________________ d. __________ influenza subtypes infect ______________ e. Other subtypes might infect _____________________________ THE COMMON COLD 200 MUTATE INFLUENZA EPIDEMICS RAPID OUTBREAK 20% Only 3HUMANS HORSES, PIGS, WHALES, SEALS MUTATION MAKING A NEED FOR NEW! VACCINES EVERY YEAR! FluFlu of 1918

Common Cold Flu German Measles Mumps Measles Chickenpox Mononucleosis Cold sores Hepatitis Polio Smallpox Herpes/Warts Aids

First Defense: _______________________ ______________________ Second Defense: _______________________ ______________________ Third Defense: _______________________ Body Coverings Cuts in Skin Mucous Membranes Body Openings Immune System White Blood Cells Antibodies Interferon Vaccines

___________: White blood cells that can surround and destroy, “_____” a pathogen. ___________: White Blood Cells that “Remember” antigen and produce _____________ Macrophage B-Cells antibodies eat

Chemicals made by specialized ____________________ Help ____________ viruses and harmful bacterium May be ____________________ ____________ OR may be held captive until _______________ can surround and destroy it WHITE BLOOD CELLS DESTROY DESTROYED BY ANTIBODIES macrophage

Chemical substance that ____________________ with the way viruses _______________. ___________________________ to other cells. INTERFERE REPRODUCE WARNING SYSTEM

Bioterror Substances made from __________________________. Introduce a ___________ into the ________________. Stimulate ___________ into action, Which create ________________ and a ______________ record of the pathogen. Give organisms ____________ to future infections of same ________________. DEAD OR WEAKENED PATHOGENS DISEASE BLOODSTREAM B-CELLS ANTIBODIES MEMORY IMMUNITY PATHOGEN

______________ 1.All viruses live as _____________________ 2.Viruses can be __________________________ diseases. a. Viruses can reproduce b. They are spread by: WATER AIR INSECTS FOOD PARASITES COMMUNICABLE ______________

1.Reduce carrier organisms such as mosquitoes, fleas, ticks 2.Cover your mouth or nose when you sneeze or cough. 3.Wash your hands frequently, especially after going to the bathroom or preparing food. 4.Avoid contact with the bodily fluids of others. ________________________________________________________________

They are one of two __________________ ____________________________ They are _____________________. They contain __________________ ____________________: (300 could be in a line on the tip of your pencil, but they’re still larger than viruses) Found _____________________: (live in water, air, soil, food) Classified by ______________ Can be found as _______________, _____________, or _______________ Reproduce by _________________. Can be _______________________ MICROSCOPIC EVERYWHERE SHAPE SINGLE CELLS PAIRSCOLONIES FISSION PROKARYOTES GENETIC MATERIAL SINGLE-CELLED HELPFUL or HARMFUL (Having NO Nucleus)

Capsule No nucleus, (only one main chromosome) Cell Wall Cell Membrane Some have a capsule Cytoplasm Some have a flagellum cytoplasm Flagellum Chromosome Material Cytoplasm Capsule Cell Wall Cell Membrane Endospore If conditions were harsh, how would a bacterial cell survive? _________________________________________________________ What would you say is the most important part of the cell? ___________ DNA IT WOULD NEED PROTECTION AGAINST ELEMENTS

1.ENDOSPORE: _______________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________. a. Bacterium copies its _________________________ b. Produces a _____________ around the copy 2. CAPSULE: __________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ A SPECIALIZED CELL WITH A THICK PROTECTIVE WALL FORMED WHEN CONDITIONS ARE UNFAVORABLE FOR A BACTERIA CELL chromosome wall

Surrounds the entire cell and keeps it from drying out:___________ Whip-like structure: __________ Thick-walled structure that forms inside the cell enclosing DNA material: ___________ Allows material to pass in and out of bacteria cell: ___________ Helps the bacteria cell to ‘stick’ to food and other surfaces:___________ Forms when living conditions are not ideal for bacteria to live: __________ Gives the cell a basic shape: __________ Contains the traits of the bacteria cell: __________ Helps bacteria cell to move: __________ ENDOSPORE CELL WALL CHROMOSOME FLAGELLA CAPSULE CELL MEMBRANE FLAGELLA CAPSULE

1.______________________: 2.______________________: 3. ______________________: Parasites Saprophytes/ Decomposers Producers Feed off of a living host Use dead materials for food Contain chlorophyll and make their own food Streptococcus Pseudomonas Cay

____________________ COCCI = ROUNDBACILLI = RODSPIRILLA = SPIRAL

_____________________ _____________________ _____________________ BACILLUSDIPLOCOCCUSSTREPTOCOCCUS COCCUSSTREPTOBACILLUSBACILLUS SPIRILLUMSTAPHYLOCOCCUSENDOSPORE

MOISTURE CERTAIN TEMPERATURE FOOD DARKNESS, (MOST) OXYGEN, (MOST) ________________________________

___________________ Pools and Spas Waste Bins/Garbage Toothbrushes Refrigerators Petting Zoos

______________________: Round shaped bacteria that form chains Causes ____________________ and if introduced into tissue through a cut or scrape, it can cause _______________________ STREPTOCOCCI STREP THROAT FLESH EATING DISEASE

Chemicals that ___________ or ________________ the growth of bacteria Work by stopping bacteria from making ___________________. Produced naturally by some species of ________________ and _________________. The can be used as medicine without damage since animal cells do not have ________________. KILL SLOW CELL WALLS BACTERIA FUNGI CELL WALLS

Through Air: Bacteria can be transferred through the air by wind, sneeze, or cough Water: Drinking water containing bacteria Sexual Contact: exchange of body fluids including semen, mucus, and blood Insects: Carry bacteria and pass it when they bite or through their fescues. ______________________________________________________________ Diseases that are passed from one organism to another. Can be spread in several ways:

1.______________________- first destroying bacteria by raising temperatures, and then storing them in airtight containers. 2._____________________-process of heating milk to kill harmful bacteria. 3._____________________-slows the growth of food by lowering their temperature. 4._____________________-removing the water from foods so that bacteria can’t live there. CANNING PASTEURIZTION COOLING/FREEZING DEHYDRATION

1. Manufacture vitamins_____________________ 2. Aid the _______________ process 3. Clean the ______________ tract 4. Destroy ______________, ________________, and _______________. 5. Help to increase the number of ______________________________ 6. Protect us from environmental _____________, ______________ and __________________. B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B12, A, & K DIGESTION INTESTINAL MOLDSVIRUSES OTHER PARASITES IMMUNE SYSTEM CELLS TOXINS PESTICIDESPOLLUTANTS

Did you know that there are more bacteria in your digestive system than there are cells that compose your body? That there are more helpful bacteria than harmful bacteria? That if you weighed the bacteria in your body it would way around 4 lbs?