Introduce Organic Molecules with a Foldable Carbohydrates, Lipids, Nucleic Acid, Protein On top of foldable: picture and main purpose

Organic Molecules Organic Molecules Contain the element carbon, (C) Contain the element carbon, (C) Comes from something living Comes from something living These are Life’s Substances These are Life’s Substances Grouped into four categories Grouped into four categories Lipids Lipids Carbohydrates Carbohydrates Proteins Proteins Nucleic Acid Nucleic Acid STOP Read

Lipid or fats Lipid or fats Function (Purpose): store energy Function (Purpose): store energy Is non-polar, therefore does not like water and will not work with it or stick to it Is non-polar, therefore does not like water and will not work with it or stick to it Contains carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and oxygen (O) Contains carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and oxygen (O) Examples: oil, butter, fat on meat Examples: oil, butter, fat on meat Can look like: Can look like: Straight or saturated Straight or saturated with single bonds with single bonds Kinked or unsaturated Kinked or unsaturated with double bonds with double bonds STOP READ Remember: What is polar?

Carbohydrates Carbohydrates Function (Purpose): store energy Function (Purpose): store energy Contains carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and oxygen (O) Contains carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and oxygen (O) Examples: sugar, pasta, cellulose Examples: sugar, pasta, cellulose Can Be: Can Be: Small = monosaccharide Small = monosaccharide space for picture Medium = disaccharide Medium = disaccharide Large = polysaccharide Large = polysaccharide STOP READ (see pic next slide) STOP READ (see pic next slide)

emistry2.csudh.edu/rpendarvis/monosacch.html&usg=__X3piIO7hUDNrdgqDlSiCyPvf82g=&h=294&w=432&sz=5 &hl=en&start=20&um=1&tbnid=0O32dq_0C2KDDM:&tbnh=86&tbnw=126&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dmonosaccha rides%2Band%2Bdisaccharides%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN

:// UIfNFKQGL40=&tbnid=EBfCt5Mm3s- eSM:&altq=dna+molecule,&tbnh=127&tbnw=127&prev=/images%3Fq%3DDNA%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den tp:// gB5a3PeJJ7Hu8dqK4Kl0s=&tbnid=MQIFLXuLMYJ_JM:&altq=dna+model,&tbnh=109&tbnw=136&prev=/images%3Fq%3DDNA %26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den ress/wp-content/uploads/dna- image.jpg&imgrefurl= 31&hl=en&start=1&usg=__sK8xq0lQR939OZ2nDdTMm5vUkvQ=&tbnid= 5_Qb8X_R1ptUTM:&tbnh=123&tbnw=95&prev=/images%3Fq%3DDNA %26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den

/ jpg&imgrefurl= e.com/Mo- Nu/Nucleotides.html&h=291&w=338&sz=9&hl= en&start=11&usg=__1bfMeQzWiwm3RTnTCU15 z1pR6gs=&tbnid=06pvo9uB46iFIM:&tbnh=102& tbnw=119&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dnucleotide %26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DG Nucleic Acid Nucleic Acid Function: store cell’s information in the form of a code Function: store cell’s information in the form of a code Contains: C, H, O, N (nitrogen) & P (phosphorus) Contains: C, H, O, N (nitrogen) & P (phosphorus) Examples: DNA (heredity), RNA & ATP Examples: DNA (heredity), RNA & ATP Made of: nucleotides Made of: nucleotides Nucleotides made of: sugar, P & N Nucleotides made of: sugar, P & N STOP read STOP read Nash Lab: DNA extraction from Kiwi Draw on board

Proteins Proteins Function (Purpose): assist all chemical reactions of the body Function (Purpose): assist all chemical reactions of the body Contains carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and oxygen (O) and nitrogen (N) Contains carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and oxygen (O) and nitrogen (N) Made of: Amino Acids (AA) Made of: Amino Acids (AA) Examples: meat, egg white, enzyme Examples: meat, egg white, enzyme Enzymes – protein that speeds up a chemical reaction Enzymes – protein that speeds up a chemical reaction Can look like: Can look like: A string of pearls A string of pearls A glob A glob Gammer solves AIDS protein questions Gammer solves AIDS protein questions

structure.png&imgrefurl= structure&h=341&w=250&sz=53&hl=en&start=2&um=1&usg=__Q5h1CxuojDDar9PrAra762gpAxA=&tbnid=mxysf8N8fweKGM:&tbnh=120&tbnw=88 &prev=/images%3Fq%3Dprimary%2Band%2Btertiary%2Bprotein%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den Primary, 1 o = string of pearls Secondary, 2 0 = like an accordian Tertiary, 3 0 = folded on itself, held by hydrogen bonds Quaterinary, 4 0 = folded with other proteins, held by H-bonds

Enzyme (a type of protein) -molecules (usually proteins) that speed- -molecules (usually proteins) that speed- up chemical reactions up chemical reactions -act as catalysts which reduce the -act as catalysts which reduce the activation energy required for a activation energy required for a reaction (and speed up the reaction) reaction (and speed up the reaction) Carbonic anhydrase, COS + water  H2CO3 200/hr, with anhydrase 600T/sec. c enzyme 10MX faster

Enzymes cont. Enzymes are specific, they only work on a SPECIFIC substrate Enzymes are specific, they only work on a SPECIFIC substrate Work like a LOCK & KEY model Work like a LOCK & KEY model

A & B are substrates Active site Enzymes can be reused Enzyme-Substrate Complex New product

What determined whether or not the this enzyme will “work” for this substrate? SHAPE STOP READ

V. Enzymes cont. What affects enzymes? In lab tomorrow will test temperature and pH We need to be sure to come back to this slide to fill it in.

Energy and Chemical Reactions IV. Activation Energy – the “spark” (amount of E) needed to start a chemical reaction Energy Releasing RxnEnergy-Absorbing Reaction E released E absorbed STOP WRITING

Organic Quiz 1. What are the four groups of organic molecules? 2. What is the function of both carbohydrates and lipids? 3. What elements are in carbohydrates and lipids? 4. Give an example of a lipid. 5. Give an example of a carbohydrate. 6. What is the “big” name for a carbohydrate made of MANY sugars?