Comp 15 - Usability & Human Factors Unit 9 - Ubiquitous Computing in Healthcare This material was developed by Columbia University, funded by the Department of Health and Human Services, Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology under Award Number 1U24OC

Overview History of Ubiquitous ComputingBasic principles Clinical settings Patient-centric technologies Examples of ubicomp in healthcareTechnical challenges Component 15/Unit 9 Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 2.0/Spring

History of Ubiquitous Computing Three waves of computing Mainframes (one main processor, many terminals) Personal computing (one computer for one person) Ubiquitous computing = many computers on and around each individual Mobile computing (PDA, cell phone, etc.) Pervasively embedded in the environment (smart environments) Wearable computing Component 15/Unit 9 Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 2.0/Spring

Original Vision Xerox PARC, Mark Weiser Ubicomp project began in 1988 Paper Writing “the most profound technologies are those that disappear” Vision for computing technologies that are so commonplace that they disappear from people’s conscious attention Component 15/Unit 9 Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 2.0/Spring

Computing by the inch (PDA, smart phone, mobile phone, voice recorder, etc.) Original Vision (cont.) Component 15/Unit 9 Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 2.0/Spring

Original Vision (cont.) Component 15/Unit 9 Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 2.0/Spring Computing by the foot

Original Vision (cont.) Component 15/Unit 9 Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 2.0/Spring Computing by the yard

Version of Ubicomp Computing on the body (wearable computing) Computing in the environment (ubicomp) Component 15/Unit 9 Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 2.0/Spring

Challenges Natural input Context- aware computing Automated capture and access Component 15/Unit 9 Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 2.0/Spring

Natural Input Computing distributed in environment requires naturalistic interaction patterns Voice recognition Handwriting Gesture Tangible computing (interact with computing as with physical environment) Component 15/Unit 9 Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 2.0/Spring

Context-Aware Computing Delivery of information and services based on the automatically sensed context Multiple definitions of context Who, when, where, etc. Success often depends on three factors Accuracy of context information sensed by the system Correctness of interpretation or knowing what action to take in a particular context Consequence of performing this action Component 15/Unit 9 Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 2.0/Spring

Capture and Access Using technology to capture the flow of activities in real time and provide access to the records on demand Often used for capturing meetings, or brainstorming sessions In healthcare: documenting patient- doctor encounters Component 15/Unit 9 Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 2.0/Spring

Pervasive Healthcare Making healthcare available everywhere, anytime, and to anyone (ref) Application of ubiquitous computing technologies for healthcare Component 15/Unit 9 Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 2.0/Spring

Pervasive Healthcare (cont.) Acute care settings – digital hospital RFID for patient tracking Context-aware clinical environments Patient-centric technologies – health and wellness Telemedicine (IDEATell) Digital Family Portrait MAHI UbiFit Garden Component 15/Unit 9 Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 2.0/Spring

Improving Patient Safety RFID patient tracking systems Prevent errors (wrong medication to wrong patient) Streamline billing (automatic tracking of procedures) Component 15/Unit 9 Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 2.0/Spring

Context-Aware Surgery Room Main focus: improving patient safety Providing the right information at the right time in the right place (pertinent patient data) Drawing attention to information of concern (warnings of drug allergies, etc.) utilizing surgical context (physical and clinical) Component 15/Unit 9 Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 2.0/Spring

Patient-Centric Technologies Remote monitoringCase manager Education, recommendations, adjustments to care-plan Component 15/Unit 9 Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 2.0/Spring

Health and Wellness Georgia Institute of Technology Digital Family Portrait Activity of parents is sensed by motion detection sensors Abstract visualization creates pattern without violating privacy Helping adult children maintain awareness of well-being of their parents Component 15/Unit 9 Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 2.0/Spring

Health and Wellness (cont.) MAHI (Georgia Institute of Technology) Assistance with diabetes management Mobile phone for capture of experiences (pictures of meals, voice records) Integration with glucose monitor Website for review with diabetes educator Component 15/Unit 9 Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 2.0/Spring

Health and Wellness (cont.) Intel UbiFit Garden On the body monitoring A variety of physical activity types Monitoring physical activity Aesthetically pleasing visualization Monitoring accomplishments Reward for achievement of goals Ambient display on a mobile phone Component 15/Unit 9 Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 2.0/Spring

Conclusion Ubiquitous computing is an important and rapidly growing area that has potential to make significant impact on how healthcare is delivered within and outside of clinical settings. However, many challenges remain to its successful penetration: Many of these technologies rely on natural input such as voice or gesture, which is not always accurate and may be hindered by fragmented internet connectivity. As new enabling technologies become available, however, better applications of ubiquitous and pervasive computing will be invented. Component 15/Unit 9 Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 2.0/Spring