Latin American History 1.10.11-1.11.11

Do Now ~ Page 99 Add to the Class T chart on the back white board! On page 99, please complete your T chart with what you now know about Japanese History. What I know about Japan What I now know about Japan after last week Fill in your new, fabulous knowledge here! Add to the Class T chart on the back white board!

Page 107 SAMPLE: Word Splash About Dogs Complete a word splash on page 107 with everything you know about Latin American history/culture Contribute to the word splash on the board SAMPLE: Word Splash About Dogs Man’s best friend Fur Many breeds Big teeth

Objectives I can identify the different classes and their roles in colonial Latin America. I can explain how countries in Latin America came to be independent with revolutionary movements lead by Simon Bolivar and Jose San Martin.

Years of Independence

Latin American Colonies Social Structure was sharply divided Peninsulares: men born in Spain. Could hold high office in colonial govt. (0.1%) Creoles: Spaniards born in Latin America. Could not hold high office in col. govt, but can be military officers (22.8%) Mestizos: people of mixed European and Native ancestry Mulattos: Persons of mixed European and African Ancestry Africans Indian Natives to Latin America: little value because were not slaves. Most oppressed group (55.8%)

18th-Century Spanish Efforts to Classify People by Race Spaniard and Indian produce a Mestizo From Spaniard and Mestiza, Castiza Spaniard and Castiza, produce Spaniard Mestizo and Indian makes Coyote Black and Spaniard makes Mulatto Mulatto and Spaniard makes Morisco Spaniard and Morisca makes Albino Spaniard and Albino makes a Black-Return-Backwards Black and Indian makes Wolf Wolf and Indian makes Zambaiga Zambaigo and Indian makes Albarazado Albarazada and Indian makes Chamizo Chamizo and Indian makes Cambuja From Albarrado and Indian, a Cachimboreta is born From Indian and Cambuja, a Wolf-Return-Backwards is born Wolf-Return-Backwards and Indian makes Hold-Yourself-in-Mid-Air

Spaniard and Indian produce a Mestizo http://www.emory.edu/COLLEGE/CULPEPER/BAKEWELL/index.html

From Spaniard and Mestiza, Castiza http://www.emory.edu/COLLEGE/CULPEPER/BAKEWELL/index.html

Spaniard and Castiza, produce Spaniard http://www.emory.edu/COLLEGE/CULPEPER/BAKEWELL/index.html

Mestizo and Indian makes Coyote http://www.emory.edu/COLLEGE/CULPEPER/BAKEWELL/index.html

Black and Spaniard makes Mulatto http://www.emory.edu/COLLEGE/CULPEPER/BAKEWELL/index.html

Colonialism (cont.) Peonage- use of laborers bound by debt Lower classes worked on landowner’s land and were paid in vouchers to be used at landowner’s stores. They quickly fell into debt. it essentially continues after independence by rich landowners

Colonialism (cont.) Answer questions under your triangle in complete sentences: What about this social structure is unfair and may have caused people to be upset or want change? How did the Europeans (Penninsulares and Creoles) keep control over native population? Economic debt, take land, racism

Ideas of Independence Creoles: educated, well traveled, adopt ideas of Enlightenment and revolution (French Revolution (1799), American Revolution 1776) Spanish Creoles reject French King Napoleon wins Spain, and makes his brother king of Spain (Ferdinand VII) Creoles have no allegiance to a French King of Spain

Simon Bolivar Wealthy Venezuelan Creole Venezuela declares independence 1811 Defeat Spanish at Bogota (Columbia) in 1821 President of Columbia Independence in Bolivia, Ecuador, Panama Democratic Ideology for Hispanic America Jamaican Letter

Jose San Martin From Argentina Argentina independent 1816 still under threat by Spanish in Chile and Peru Marches over Andes Mts. To Chile and wins independence Leaves his army for Bolivar in Peru to defeat Spanish

DAY 2

Do Now ~ Page 109 Pretend you are a Creole in the 1800s. You are educated and have traveled to Europe. Write a journal entry about what it is like in Latin America as a Spanish Colony. Also write about what you want to change and why (Use your notes and memory from yesterday)

Objectives I can describe Latin America’s trade and economics after Independence. I can explain the United State’s involvement in Latin America with the Spanish-American War.

After Independence pg 110 Colonial Legacy Political instability Caudillos: dictators. By 1830, almost all Latin American nations were run by caudillos “all of Venezuela is my cattle ranch” – Juan Vincent Gomez, Venezuelan caudillo Some presidents made reforms like education Voting right for upper and middle class only

Who benefits more from this system? Why and How? Economics depend on exports Trade increases: Transportation (steamship, railroads) Refrigeration (food exports possible) Resources Manufactured Goods Never became industrialized so have no place on the world stage. Also not much income Resources Who benefits more from this system? Why and How?

Economics and Trade Not self sufficient Do not develop roads, education Borrow money from US, Britain, France, Germany Other nations now have control in Latin America (economic colonialism)

US and Latin America

US and Latin America Monroe Doctrine: 1823 policy- American continents can no longer be colonized by Europe. Stay out of Western hemisphere Roosevelt Corollary (1904): President Roosevelt extends Monroe doctrine and gives US right to be World Police

Read and summarize each section on your notes worksheet Roosevelt's December 1904 Annual message to Congress declared: 1) All that this country desires is to see the neighboring countries stable, orderly, and prosperous. Any country whose people conduct themselves well can count upon our hearty friendship. 2) Chronic wrongdoing, or an impotence which results in a general loosening of the ties of civilized society, may in America, as elsewhere, ultimately require intervention by some civilized nation, 3) and in the Western Hemisphere the adherence of the United States to the Monroe Doctrine may force the United States, however reluctantly, in flagrant cases of such wrongdoing or impotence, to the exercise of an international police power.

Spanish-American War US intervenes struggle for independence from Spain Business interests Fear of Spanish in Western hemisphere US defeats Spain in 4 months Cuba independent and other Spanish colonies given to the US (Puerto Rico, Guam, Phillipines)

Panama Canal Connects the Atlantic to the Pacific through Central America French company tried, but failed US helps Panama gain independence, Panama gives US land to build canal US controls a world tollbooth

Panama Canal Facts: The greatest obstacle in building the canal is MALARIA & YELLOW FEVER first 2 years of building involve clearing brush and draining swamps where mosquitoes bred The canal took 10 years to build Cost nearly $400 million dollars Completed in 1914 just as WWI was beginning The canal is considered one of the greatest engineering feats of all time