Spanish-Portuguese Rivalry Both had claims around the world Agreed to Line of Demarcation that divided the world into Spanish/Portuguese control but Portugal didn’t think it was fair Signed Treaty of Tordesillas that moved the line to give Portugal more land Spain controlled Mexico/Florida down through South America but Portugal got Brazil

Mercantilism Economic system where nations increase their wealth and power by obtaining gold/silver and by establishing a favorable balance of trade In simple terms: the only reason European countries keep colonies is to make money off of them! Colonies had to send raw materials only to the mother country and had to buy only the mother countries’ products

European Explorers ExplorerWhen/Where they explored Ponce de Leon(1513) Puerto Rico, Venezuela, Columbia, Florida (Fountain of Youth) Amerigo Vespucci(1501) South America and Caribbean sailed for Portugal Vasco Balboa(1513) Panama, Pacific Ocean Ferdinand Magellan( ) South America, Philippines * First to circumnavigate (sail around) the world*- Vocab word!!!

Conquistadors ExplorerPlace they conqueredWho they conquered Hernando Cortes Mexico (1521)Aztecs Francisco Pizzaro Peru (1534)Incas

3 Ways Conquistadors were able to conquer native tribes: Used better weapons – Natives had more warriors but Spanish had better weapons Diseases Alliances with other Native Americans to wipe out Native Americans

Social Structure Viceroy Peninsulares Creoles Mestizos/Mulattos Native Americans/Africans

Plantation agriculture in South America Encomienda: settlers (peninsulares) were given land and Native Americans to labor on their land Haciendas: Large estates (land) given to peninsulares for their personal use Plantations: Large farms that raised cash crops (for $ not food)