The Impact of the Enlightenment Chapter 10, Section 3

The Arts Architecture and Art Music Literature Royal courts and cathedrals New artistic style rococo Emphasized grace and charm Music Bach, Handel, Haydn, and Mozart Literature Development of the first European novel

Enlightened Absolutism Rulers tried to govern by Enlightenment principles while maintaining their power What were those principles? Equality under the law Freedom of worship Freedom of speech Freedom of press Rights to assemble, hold property, and pursue happiness Do you think all leaders follow these principles?

Russia Peter the Great had Europeanized Russia 6 weak successors followed him until another great leader emerged Catherine the Great was the German wife of Peter III Peter III was killed by a group of nobles Following Peter III’s death, Catherine took control of Russia Invited Denis Diderot to live in Russia and help include Enlightenment principles Chose not to abide by these principles in fear that she may upset the nobles

Prussia Frederick William the Great Elector had established Prussia as a European power 40,000 man army, 4th largest in Europe Frederick II (Frederick the Great) Invited Voltaire to live in his palace Abolished torture in most cases, granted some freedom of speech and press Still kept the serfdom and social structure of old

Austria Austria was large, but composed of many different peoples Difficult to rule Maria Theresa Didn’t do much to include Enlightenment principles Did make life easier for peasants Joseph Theresa Abolished serfdom and the death penalty Established equality under the law and enacted religious toleration Too much change for the people meant no success Joseph was a failure, his successors undid almost all he had changed

War of the Austrian Succession When Maria Theresa took control of Austria, Frederick II of Prussia decided to attack Thought of female leadership as weak Invaded the territory of Silesia Both nations quickly rushed for allies Austria – Great Britain Prussia – France War was fought in Europe, Asia, and North America Seven years of fighting (1740-1748) waged until the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle was signed Returned all territories except Silesia Would soon influence another war in Europe

The Seven Years’ War What forced the war: Competition over colonial claims (France and Great Britain) Silesia never being returned New alliances being formed France, Austria, and Russia England and Prussia What created the new alliances: France and Great Britain were competing over colonial land Austria and Prussia were upset over Silesia situation Russia saw Prussia as a threat to Russian goals in Europe

The War in Europe All major powers involved were fighting in Europe France, Austria, and Russia vs Great Britain and Prussia 1756-1763 France, Austria, and Russia are winning until Peter III pulls Russian troops from Prussia Forces a stalemate and the eventual end to fighting in Europe Treaty of Paris of 1763 ends the war

The War in India Fought between the British and the French over colonial control British win French possessions in India Treaty of Paris of 1763 forces France to leave their possessions under British control

The War in America Another clash between the British and the French for colonial control Also known as the French and Indian War French and Native Americans vs British and colonies French had more troops, British had more naval resources Able to cut off French from supply and trade ships coming to Americas Treaty of Paris of 1763 gave Canada and French land east of the Mississippi to England