Islamic University of Gaza Faculty of Nursing Trends And Issues History and Development of Nursing

To understand the evolution of nursing, we should understand other important development that has profoundly influenced its growth: The crusaders. The crusaders. The renaissance ( عصر النهضة ). The renaissance ( عصر النهضة ). The reformation. The reformation. The industrial revolution. The industrial revolution. The emancipation of women (equality حقوق المرأة). The emancipation of women (equality حقوق المرأة).

Form the earliest times to the latter part of the eighteenth century. Form the earliest times to the latter part of the eighteenth century. From the latter part of eighteenth century to the establishment of the first modern school of nursing in From the latter part of eighteenth century to the establishment of the first modern school of nursing in From 1860 to the present. From 1860 to the present. The Development of Nursing Seems to Fall into Three Main Periods:

It is obvious that the fight for professional advancement is associated with the struggle of political, economic, and educational freedom of women.

Development of Body of knowledge (Education ) Florence nightingale Florence nightingale Early school of nursing Early school of nursing Later school of nursing Later school of nursing Age of specialization Age of specialization Science based programs Science based programs

Origins of Nursing Nursing has never existed in isolation; the groups and social structure in which people were living have defined the role of nurses. Nursing has never existed in isolation; the groups and social structure in which people were living have defined the role of nurses. Nursing originated with primitive mother who cared for ill members of her family unit. Nursing originated with primitive mother who cared for ill members of her family unit.

The term “nurse” stem from Latin word ”nutrix” or “nutrio” The term “nurse” stem from Latin word ”nutrix” or “nutrio” Means to nourish. Means to nourish. Very little things have been written about nursing as a unique professional in ancient times… but through the study of ancient health care practices to see the development of nursing. Very little things have been written about nursing as a unique professional in ancient times… but through the study of ancient health care practices to see the development of nursing.

Example about 250 years B.C, King Asoka founded building like hospital; about 250 years B.C, King Asoka founded building like hospital; Male (practical nurses) functioned in it. One-year A.C, prevention of diseases and hygiene procedure considered as a religions duty. One-year A.C, prevention of diseases and hygiene procedure considered as a religions duty. 325 years A.C, an official order of deaconesses was established function as a visiting nurse and social worker appointed by the bishops of the church. 325 years A.C, an official order of deaconesses was established function as a visiting nurse and social worker appointed by the bishops of the church.

Phoebe: is recommendation as the first visiting nurse. Phoebe: is recommendation as the first visiting nurse. 330 years A.C, a large hospital was founded by Empera Constantine the great. 330 years A.C, a large hospital was founded by Empera Constantine the great. 370 years A.C, the largest hospital in Asia was built (Basilias). 370 years A.C, the largest hospital in Asia was built (Basilias).

Early Nursing Leaders Nightingale reformation: An English women born in Florence “Italy” on May, 2 nd,1820 of wealthy parents. An English women born in Florence “Italy” on May, 2 nd,1820 of wealthy parents. despite her family’s protests, she worked alongside nursing deaconesses. despite her family’s protests, she worked alongside nursing deaconesses. Her biographer Sir, Thomas Cook. Her biographer Sir, Thomas Cook. She have broad knowledge of science, history, politic, and economic. She have broad knowledge of science, history, politic, and economic. Died on August 13,1910. Died on August 13,1910. Called the lady with the lamp Called the lady with the lamp

Born: 12 May 1820) Florence, Grand Duchy of Tuscany Born: 12 May 1820) Florence, Grand Duchy of Tuscany FlorenceGrand Duchy of Tuscany FlorenceGrand Duchy of Tuscany Died: 13 August 1910 (aged 90) Park Lane, London, United Kingdom Profession: Nurse and Statistician Died: 13 August 1910 (aged 90) Park Lane, London, United Kingdom Profession: Nurse and Statistician Park LaneLondon United KingdomNurse Statistician Park LaneLondon United KingdomNurse Statistician Institutions: Selimiye Barracks, Scutari Institutions: Selimiye Barracks, ScutariSelimiye BarracksScutariSelimiye BarracksScutari Specialism: Hospital hygiene and sanitation Specialism: Hospital hygiene and sanitation hygienesanitation hygienesanitation Known for: Pioneering modern nursing Known for: Pioneering modern nursing

The Crimean War Nightingale’s contributions: Nightingale changed the negative image of nursing to a positive one. She is credited with: Training people for the work they would perform. Training people for the work they would perform. Selecting only those with an upstanding character as potential nurse. Selecting only those with an upstanding character as potential nurse. Improving sanitary conditions for patients. Improving sanitary conditions for patients.

Significantly reduced death rate of British soldiers. Significantly reduced death rate of British soldiers. Providing classroom education and clinical teaching. Providing classroom education and clinical teaching. Advocating that nursing education should be life long process. Advocating that nursing education should be life long process.

Recognition that nutrition is an important part of nursing care. Recognition that nutrition is an important part of nursing care. Establishing a respected occupation for women. Establishing a respected occupation for women. Believing that nursing is separate and distinct from medicine. Believing that nursing is separate and distinct from medicine. Identifying personal needs of patient and the role of nurse in meeting those needs. Identifying personal needs of patient and the role of nurse in meeting those needs.

Nightingale Environmental Model Health House. Health House. Ventilation and warm. Ventilation and warm. Light. Light. Noise. Noise. Variety. Variety. Bed and bedding. Bed and bedding. Personal cleanliness. Personal cleanliness. Nutrition and taking food. Nutrition and taking food. Chattering hopes and advice. Chattering hopes and advice. Social considerations. Social considerations.

Florence nightingale elevated the status of nursing to a respected occupation, improved the quality of nursing care, and founded modern nursing education

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