What PERSIAGM problems exist Changes to the empire after the Austro-Prussian War… Problems to come?

“Old Dying Man” Where is there the most unrest? Stories of cracks?

Tsars’ Disasters

Lineage of CzarsLineage of Czars –Alexander I = –Nicholas I = –Alexander II = –Alexander III  = –Nicholas II = These Czars will leave Nicholas II with many problems (déjà vu!!)These Czars will leave Nicholas II with many problems (déjà vu!!) Goals in 1800s for these Czars? (2)Goals in 1800s for these Czars? (2) –Modernize (how?) –Become Democratic (?)

3 Pillars (pillars? or stilts) –Autocracy –Orthodoxy, –Nationalism (heritage) Modernization? –NO Begins Crimean War

loses Crimean War from –Exposed as backwards Tries reforms –1861 = ??? Problem = serfs still poor and with little work –Improved government trial by jury reforms push socialists and liberals into wanting MORE!!! –Tsar tries to repress his previous reforms –1881 = assassinated!!

Harsh in response of his father’s assassination –exiled opponents –tried to wipe out liberals Russificiation = ??? –persecutes minority groups (Poles, Jews, Fins, Armenians) –Pogroms = ?? 1890 Industrialization starts…75 years too late –Trans-Siberian Railroad –cities grow…problems grow –socialists gain supporters in cities

Feudalism and Industrialization… Democratization? Reform? Who still has total power? –Autocracy in the Czar!!

Czars begin to industrialize in 1890s –More factories, cities, SLUMS!! Awful conditions and NO REFORMS = ?  –SOCIALISM and COMMUNISM GROWS –Workers are RESTLESS!! Proletariat is still small!! , Russia loses Russo- Japanese War!!!

It is January 1905, and your people have come to your Winter Palace in St. Petersburg –What are they asking for? This is a pivotal moment in your reign…what orders could you leave for your guards?

Czars guards shoot & attack protestorsCzars guards shoot & attack protestors Hundreds of Russians killedHundreds of Russians killed Czar Nicholas “saddened” by the eventCzar Nicholas “saddened” by the event Called “Bloody Sunday”Called “Bloody Sunday”

What did people do next? Conclusion = October Manifesto

What have absolute rulers done to “legislative branches” before? PM Pyotr Stolypin –Crushed “Rev Orgs” –More pogroms and Russification By 1914, little reform

What does he write and when? What is the impact of the work? Think PSM