Innovations of the Industrial Revolution Innovations of the Industrial Revolution Preview: –What was life like in England before the Industrial Revolution? –What was the Agricultural Revolution? How did it impact the Industrial Revolution? –What was the first industry to begin to industrialize?

#9 Factory Work (1.56)

Steam Engine: New Energy #10 Steam Power (1.19) #10 Steam Power (1.19)

Steam Engine: New Energy Need for Energy:  Early factories relied on horses, water; Needed more power Effects of Steam Engine:  Steam engine invented by James Watt; made production faster and more efficient  Improved mining which was used to fuel other industries

Iron and Coal: Energy for the Industrial Revolution

The Need for Iron and Coal:  Farm tools, factory machines, railways, powers steam engines, used to smelt iron—makes pureEffect: combined  Britain produced more iron than all of other countries of world combined

Transportation

The Need for Better Transportation:  Pre-Industrial transportation relied on horses, mules, dirt roads  Factory owners want to move goods quickly & cheaply to increased profitsInnovations:  Stone, asphalt roads  Canals—man-made rivers  Railroad—first built in 1829

Transportation Effects of Railroads:  Expanded rapidly throughout Britain  Cheaper transportation increased production & profits in factories  RR increased other industries: coal, steam engines, iron, steel

Two New Inventions

Steel Steel—Henry Bessemer developed steel by adding carbon to hot iron— much stronger & lighter than iron Interchangeable Parts Interchangeable Parts—Henry Ford developed identical parts to his automobiles that could be easily built on assembly line & easily replaced #7 Interchangeable Parts (1.48) #7 Interchangeable Parts (1.48)

Why did Britain lead the Industrial Revolution?

Geography:  Climate good for textile production  Plenty of natural resources (iron, coal)  Separation from European continent kept them out of warsGovernment:  Encouraged international trade  Helped build canals and roads

Why did Britain lead the Industrial Revolution? Colonial Empire:  Colonies supplied raw materials for manufactured goods  Colonies provided markets for finished goods to be sold

Why did Britain lead the Industrial Revolution? Advantages of Industrializing First:  No other countries were competing for manufactured goods  Had a monopoly on new technology  Huge profits!!