The Industrial Revolution – Part I

Background Info After the French and American revolutions, a social revolution took place in England (Britain) After the French and American revolutions, a social revolution took place in England (Britain) The Industrial Revolution was a social revolution because it changed the way people lived The Industrial Revolution was a social revolution because it changed the way people lived Started in Britain and slowly spread to the rest of Europe and the U.S. Started in Britain and slowly spread to the rest of Europe and the U.S. First inventions were basic machines used for farming and making clothes (textiles) First inventions were basic machines used for farming and making clothes (textiles)

The Seed Drill Invented in the early 1700s

The Flying Shuttle invented in 1733

The Spinning Jenny invented in 1764

The Cotton Gin invented in 1793 by Eli Whitney

Why did it Start in Britain? Why did the Industrial Revolution begin in Britain? Why did the Industrial Revolution begin in Britain? 1. Many natural resources to fuel industrialization 2. Many people, which meant more workers 3. Britain had many colonies for more natural resources and more workers

The Industrial Revolution Begins – 2 mins

Factories & Transportation New inventions and machines were very large, many of them were needed New inventions and machines were very large, many of them were needed In order to house large machines (in large numbers), business owners built the first factories In order to house large machines (in large numbers), business owners built the first factories

A major invention of the Industrial Revolution was the steam engine A major invention of the Industrial Revolution was the steam engine Burns coal to create steam, which powers a motor Burns coal to create steam, which powers a motor Invented by James Watt Invented by James Watt Steam ships and the steam trains were devised for transportation and trade Steam ships and the steam trains were devised for transportation and trade

The Industrial Revolution – Part II

Life before the Industrial Revoltuion

Ch. 5, section 1

Britain Leads the Way To increase production, capital was needed to start businesses and invest in enterprises To increase production, capital was needed to start businesses and invest in enterprises Entrepreneurs managed and assumed financial risk of starting a new business Entrepreneurs managed and assumed financial risk of starting a new business The world’s first major rail line began between the cities of Liverpool and Manchester The world’s first major rail line began between the cities of Liverpool and Manchester

Social Impact of the Industrial Revolution Industrialization brought rapid urbanization Industrialization brought rapid urbanization People moved from farms to cities due to changes in farming, population growth and demand for workers People moved from farms to cities due to changes in farming, population growth and demand for workers Small towns around coal or iron mines grew into large cities Small towns around coal or iron mines grew into large cities

Factories and Growth of Cities – 2 mins

Reactions and New Ways of Thinking Thinkers tried to understand the changes taking place Thinkers tried to understand the changes taking place Thomas Malthus = felt population would grow faster than food supply Jeremy Bentham advocated utilitarianism (“the greatest happiness for the greatest number” of people)

Making Iron

The Industrial Revolution – Part III

Changing Attitudes and Values Three classes emerged during the Industrial Rev. Three classes emerged during the Industrial Rev. Upper Class = Rich business families Middle Class = merchants Lower Class = Workers/Peasants Middle class developed its own values Middle class developed its own values Women wanted more equal treatment in marriage, divorce, property laws, suffrage Women wanted more equal treatment in marriage, divorce, property laws, suffrage Education and schools expanded Education and schools expanded

Socialism Worker’s lives were hard during the Industrial Revolution Worker’s lives were hard during the Industrial Revolution Socialism was offered as a response Socialism was offered as a response Says the PEOPLE should own businesses (means of production), not just one person Early socialists were called “Utopians” Early socialists were called “Utopians” Karl Marx Karl Marx German philosopher, turned socialism into communism Said struggle between rich vs. poor would lead to a classless society Proletariat (working class) would overthrow the bourgeoisie (upper class) Germany forms a social democracy, changing from capitalism to socialism Germany forms a social democracy, changing from capitalism to socialism

Arts & Sciences in the Industrial Age Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution is applied by others to people Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution is applied by others to people Social Darwinism says competition is good, or even some races superior to others Social Darwinism says competition is good, or even some races superior to others Romanticism emerged as the dominant writing style Romanticism emerged as the dominant writing style Stressed imagination, freedom, emotion Writers: Writers: William Blake Victor Hugo Charles Dickens Painters (Impressionism) Painters (Impressionism) Monet Van Gogh