 What do you think it means to be industrialized?  Can you give an example of a country that is, and one that is not? BELL WORK: GET PAPER FROM FRONT!

(But really ongoing) THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

MAP OF LDCS--  MDCS

 I can explain the causes of the Industrial Revolution and why it began in Britain.  I can analyze the social, political and economic effects of the Industrial Revolution. LEARNING TARGETS

 The slow shift in production from simple hand tools to complex machines.  A shift from an agricultural to a manufacturing economy  A shift from rural to urban INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

 Improved farming methods  Crop rotation, turnips to restore soil, seed drill, crossbreeding of livestock  Enclosure: open farmlands enclosed into more productive fields.  New technology  James Watt – steam engine- became the key power source of the IR.  Improved iron- used for the construction of machines and steam engines CAUSES

 Using the text on pgs , make a concept web with the key factors that helped Britain take an early lead in industrialization. Explain them, don’t JUST use one word! WHY IT BEGINS IN BRITAIN:

 WHY THIS REVOLUTION IS SO IMPORTANT:

THE SEED DRILL

THE STEAM ENGINE

WORLD’S FIRST IRON BRIDGE, 1779

 “The Cottage Industry” – the world’s first mechanized industry  High demand for cloth – raw cotton was distributed to peasant families who spun it into thread and then wove thread into cloth in their homes.  Small wages for workers, big profits for entrepreneurs. THE TEXTILE INDUSTRY

 John Kay – flying shuttle  James Hargreaves – spinning jenny  Richard Arkwright – water frame  Main Idea: New machines were too big for homes. New buildings were built to house them.  “Factories” – located near rivers  Power, transportation  Production increased exponentially. Completely changed the economies and societies of Europe. TEXTILE INDUSTRY INVENTIONS

 First steam locomotive: 1804 – traveled 2.5 mph  1829-The Rocket – 16 mph, but still killed a member of the British Cabinet not paying attention on its debut  World’s first railroad: The Liverpool-to- Manchester opened in  By 1860, trains were moving 60mph. THE TRANSPORTATION REVOLUTION

 THE EFFECTS OF THE I.R.

 New farming techniques and mass production of goods put farmers and skilled craftsman out of work.  Migrated to factory towns in search of work.  City population exploded  Ex: Manchester: 17,000 in 1750; 70,000 by 1800  Living conditions horrible  Overcrowding, entire families slept in 1 room slums  No police, fire, health, water, or sanitation services URBANIZATION

 Sewage ran through the streets  “Londoners living near the Thames River kept their doors and windows closed year-round due to the smell of the river” LIVING CONDITIONS

INDOOR BATHROOMS AKA EARTH CLOSETS

 hour workdays  No mandatory breaks  No safety devices on machines  No disability or workers comp or insurance…if you got sick or injured, you just lost your job  Employers preferred women and children workers:  Paid them less  Easier to manage  Smaller hands LIFE IN FACTORIES