Intro to the Industrial Revolution Agricultural Revolution

Industrial Age Until mid 1700’s mostly subsistence based Small farming villages - handmade tools, made own clothes, grew own food, may exchange goods in farmers markets Slow, uneven – oftentimes painful process

Agriculture Leads the Way Second agricultural revolution Improved quality and quantity of food Dutch – used multiple small fields Used fertilizer 1700s – “Farm Journals” in Britain leads to further innovation

Improved Farming Methods Jethro Tull – the seed drill (1701) -more organized, planned areas of growth Townshend and turnips – restore soil Enclosures – consolidating land, made land private -Parliament supported this -Increased output -Many farm laborers lost work Where did they go?

Population Growth Increased food output = cheaper/plentiful food sources Improved nutrition Decrease of deaths due to famine and disease Britain – 5 million in 1700, Europe 120 million Britain - 9 million in 1800, Europe 180 million

New Technology 1700s increased coal usage 1712 – Thomas Newcomen’s steam engine 1764 – James Watt improves steam engine -eventually used on ships/trains Smelting process – separate iron from ore by using coal -less expensive/better iron Why is iron important?

Where did it Begin? Britain – why? Natural resources, rivers, ports In 1750 Britain is stable (at home) Wealthy economy based off of empire

What Happens? Growth of cities New middle class Pollution, quality of life issues Industrial Rev.