Studies of Muon-Induced Radioactivity at NuMI David Boehnlein Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (on behalf of the JASMIN Collaboration) NuFact09 –

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Presentation transcript:

Studies of Muon-Induced Radioactivity at NuMI David Boehnlein Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (on behalf of the JASMIN Collaboration) NuFact09 – July 24, 2009

July 24, 2009NuFact09 - David Boehnlein2 2 The JASMIN Collaboration D. J. Boehnlein, A. F. Leveling, N. V. Mokhov*, K. Vaziri Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory Y. Iwamoto, Y. Kasugai, N. Matsuda, H. Nakashima*, Y. Sakamoto* Japan Atomic Energy Agency M. Hagiwara, Hiroshi Iwase, N. Kinoshita, H. Matsumura, T. Sanami, A. Toyoda High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) H. Yashima Kyoto University Research Reactor Institute H. Arakawa, N. Shigyo Kyushu University H. S. Lee Pohang Accelerator Laboratory K. Oishi Shimizu Corporation T. Nakamura Tohoku University Noriaki Nakao Aurora, Illinois * Co-Spokesperson

July 24, 2009NuFact09 - David Boehnlein3 3 The JASMIN Experiment JASMIN – Japanese & American Study of Muon Interactions and Neutron Detection (Fermilab T972) A study of shielding and radiation physics effects at high-energy accelerators Studies to date have focused on the anti- proton production target (AP0) and NuMI. We present here status of work in progress to study activation at the NuMI muon alcoves.

July 24, 2009NuFact09 - David Boehnlein4July 24, 2009NuFact09 - David Boehnlein4 Experimental Goals of JASMIN Benchmarking of Monte Carlo codes Radiation safety Study of muon interactions Material activation Shielding Muon detection & measurement Improved characterization of NuMI muon monitors.

July 24, 2009NuFact09 - David Boehnlein5 5 Motivation Why is a neutrino experimenter talking to a group of accelerator physicists about radiation physics? This workshop is considering machines that could produce unprecedented muon intensities. If such machines are to be built, one must consider the radiological issues, including the potential for radioactivation due to muons. Monte Carlo codes used for simulations should accurately account for it.

July 24, 2009NuFact09 - David Boehnlein6 Radiations around intense muon beam (T.Sanami) Source of electron, photon and neutron  A  A n e+e+ e-e- Bremsstrahlung Electro-magnetic cascade Bremsstrahlung Pair production Photo nuclear reaction

July 24, 2009NuFact09 - David Boehnlein7July 24, 2009NuFact09 - David Boehnlein7 Neutrinos at the Main Injector The NuMI beamline focuses a ν μ beam toward Soudan, Minnesota. Since the neutrinos come from 2-body pion decay, the world’s most intense neutrino beam is also the world’s most intense muon beam. Arrays of ionization chambers in downstream alcoves monitor muons co-produced with the neutrinos.

July 24, 2009NuFact09 - David Boehnlein8July 24, 2009NuFact09 - David Boehnlein8 NuMI Muon Monitoring Alcoves Schematic layout of the muon alcoves at NuMI Note that Alcove 1 is in the Absorber Hall. See L. Loiacono’s talk at this workshop for a discussion of the muon monitors.

July 24, 2009NuFact09 - David Boehnlein9July 24, 2009NuFact09 - David Boehnlein9 Estimated Muon Fields Alcov e Charged Particle Fluence Beam Size 16.5 x 10 5 cm ppp 190 cm 20.9 x 10 5 cm ppp 250 cm x 10 5 cm ppp 190 cm Predicted data from Kopp et al. [NIM A 568 (2006)503] Assumes Low-Energy Beam. Beam size is FWHM. Neutrons < 1% in downstream alcoves.

July 24, 2009NuFact09 - David Boehnlein10July 24, 2009NuFact09 - David Boehnlein10 Procedure I Copper and Aluminum disks were placed in alcoves Disks are 8 cm diameter x 1 cm thick. Beam exposure was 22.8 hours. NuMI beam put 6.26 x p.o.t. Additional samples were placed to measure neutron activation.

July 24, 2009NuFact09 - David Boehnlein11July 24, 2009NuFact09 - David Boehnlein11 Procedure II JASMIN operates parasitically with NuMI. Samples are placed and retrieved during natural beam-down periods. Isotopic signatures are measured on High-Purity Ge counters at High- Intensity Lab. Operations so far have occured in November 2007 and November 2008.

July 24, 2009NuFact09 - David Boehnlein12 Radionuclides observed in Samples This table summarizes the radionclides observed in the exposed copper samples. 54 Mn, 57 Co, 60 Co have substantial half- lives (beyond a reasonable cool- down period for accelerator maintenance).

July 24, 2009NuFact09 - David Boehnlein13July 24, 2009NuFact09 - David Boehnlein13 Preliminary Results Attenuation of muons, as shown by yield ratios normalized to Alcove 2. Yield ratios vs. distance (top) Yield ratios vs. nucleons emitted from target nucleus (bottom) Note Aluminum results are included ( 24 Na). Figures courtesy of H. Matsumura

July 24, 2009NuFact09 - David Boehnlein14July 24, 2009NuFact09 - David Boehnlein14 Preliminary Results II Activation Products on copper samples by mass number. Alcove 1 shows evidence of neutron activation. The narrow line is a fit to an empirical formula for photospallation (Rudstam et al. Phys Rev 126, 5 (1962) 1852). The lower plot histogram is a MARS15 calculation.

July 24, 2009NuFact09 - David Boehnlein15July 24, 2009NuFact09 - David Boehnlein15 Summary JASMIN has measured radionuclides produced in Aluminum and copper in the muon alcoves It’s not clear how much of the activity is produced by muons and how much by muon-produced neutrons (for radiation safety, does it matter?) MARS15 simulations give good predictions of dose rates and activation. Studies will continue in Fall 2009.

July 24, 2009NuFact09 - David Boehnlein16 Backup Slides...

July 24, 2009NuFact09 - David Boehnlein17July 24, 2009NuFact09 - David Boehnlein17 ACNET Readout for Exposure

July 24, 2009NuFact09 - David Boehnlein18 FIG. Calculated muon spectra in units of number of muons per GeV, per cm 2, and per primary proton in Alcove-1, Alcove-2, Alcove-3, and Alcove-4.

July 24, 2009NuFact09 - David Boehnlein19 Beam Size: 3 ft. diameter Decay Pipe: 6 ft. diameter 100 cm 60 cm Distance each 10 cm AA-06 AA-07 AA-08 AA-09 AA-10 AA-11 AA-12 AA-13 AA-14 AA-15 AA-16 AA-17 AA-23 AA-22AA-21 AA-20 AA-19AA-18 Samples for Neutron Studies

July 24, 2009NuFact09 - David Boehnlein20 Activation Yields vs Charge Alcove 1 Plot of nuclides vs change in nuclear charge. Fitted to Rudstam’s empirical formula.

July 24, 2009NuFact09 - David Boehnlein21 Radiations around intense muon beam (T.Sanami) Theoretical calculation Target (Graphite) 120 GeV -256kW typical Decay pipe (670m long – 2m diam.) Absorber hall and muon alcoves Fermilab rock Ca : O : C : Mg : H = 0.09 : 0.56 : 0.17 : 0.08 : 0.10 ρ=2.85 g/cm 3 MARS code Simulate interaction and transport of 120 GeV proton and secondary particles