Atoms and Charge Transfer

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Presentation transcript:

Atoms and Charge Transfer

There are four fundamental forces in nature. 1. Gravitational 2. Electromagnetic 3. Strong Nuclear 4. Weak Nuclear The force that holds atoms together is the strong nuclear force.

Atoms Electrons- orbit nucleus Negative charge of -1.6 x10-19C Nucleus- Center of an atom Neutrons- in nucleus Neutral (no charge) Protons- in nucleus Positive charge of 1.6 x10-19C

Charge (q or Q) measured in a unit called Coulombs (C). Charges of like signs repel. Charges of opposite signs attract. Neutral atoms have equal numbers of protons and electrons. Electrons are able to move from one place to another, protons are not.

Charge Transfer Charges can be transferred 3 ways 1. Conduction (Friction and Contact) 2. Induction (nearness of charged objects) 3. Polarization (temporary realignment)

1. Conductors- allow electrons to move freely, usually charge will sit on the surface. 2. Insulators- charges are more tightly bound. Even charge distribution. 3. Semiconductors- usually mixed with an alloy to turn an insulator into a conductor. 4. Superconductors- very low resistance to the flow of charge at certain temps. Can conduct electricity without heating.