CFE Higher Biology DNA and the Genome Translation.

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

Cell Protein Production

Advertisements

Translation (Protein Synthesis) RNA  protein. Making a protein Many RNAs needed –mRNA, tRNA, rRNA.

Gene to Protein Part 2: Translation After the mRNA transcript leaves the nucleus it goes to a ribosome (site of protein synthesis).

Chapter 13.2 (Pgs ): Ribosomes and Protein Synthesis

Transcription Transcription is the synthesis of mRNA from a section of DNA. Transcription of a gene starts from a region of DNA known as the promoter.

Chapter 13: RNA and Protein Synthesis

The Genetic Code.

SC.912.L.16.5 Protein Synthesis: Transcription and Translation.

Protein Synthesis Transcription. DNA vs. RNA Single stranded Ribose sugar Uracil Anywhere Double stranded Deoxyribose sugar Thymine Nucleus.

Protein Synthesis The process of putting together amino acids to form proteins in the cell. The process of putting together amino acids to form proteins.

Chapter 8 Section 8.5: Translation 1. Objectives SWBAT describe how mRNA codons are translated into amino acids. SWBAT summarize the process of protein.

DNA and Translation Gene: section of DNA that creates a specific protein Approx 25,000 human genes Proteins are used to build cells and tissue Protein.

Amino acids are coded by mRNA base sequences.

Translation. What I need to know:- 1.What translation is 2.The role of tRNA 3.Know about anticodons and codons 4.The function of start/stop codons 5.One.

3.A.1 DNA and RNA Part IV: Translation DNA, and in some cases RNA, is the primary source of heritable information. DNA, and in some cases RNA, is the primary.

8.5 Translation TEKS 4B, 6C The student is expected to: 4B investigate and explain cellular processes, including homeostasis, energy conversions, transport.

Translation Section 11-2 cont.. Transcription Translation 20 different amino acids 20 different amino acids A group of three nucleotides in mRNA code.

Protein Synthesis AS Biology. Protein synthesis pg DNA unwinds 2. mRNA copy is made of one of the DNA strands. 3. mRNA copy moves out of nucleus.

Protein Synthesis: Transcription & Translation.

Protein Synthesis Transcription. DNA vs. RNA Single stranded Ribose sugar Uracil Anywhere Double stranded Deoxyribose sugar Thymine Nucleus.

8.5 Translation KEY CONCEPT Translation converts an mRNA message into a protein.

Step 2 of protein synthesis: Translation “The players” 1.Transfer RNA (tRNA)  Folded into three-lobed shape (clover-like)  At one lobe, resides an anticodon.

RNA & Protein Synthesis Continued: Translation. Translation: mRNA Protein Translation is taking mRNA and making proteins Sequence of nucleotide bases.

8.5 Translation KEY CONCEPT Translation converts an mRNA message into a polypeptide, or protein.

Chapter – 10 Part II Molecular Biology of the Gene - Genetic Transcription and Translation.

Ribosomes and Protein Synthesis

(3) Gene Expression Gene Expression (A) What is Gene Expression?

Amino acids are coded by mRNA base sequences.

Amino acids are coded by mRNA base sequences.

Amino acids are coded by mRNA base sequences.

Amino acids are coded by mRNA base sequences.

Triplet code Codon = 3 mRNA bases =codon chart…use mRNA to code

Transcription & Translation.

Amino acids are coded by mRNA base sequences.

Amino acids are coded by mRNA base sequences.

Big picture of protein synthesis

Biology Chapter 10 Section 1 Part 2

Protein Synthesis Drawing

Amino acids are coded by mRNA base sequences.

Protein Synthesis Step 2: Translation

Ch. 12 Protein Synthesis.

Amino acids are coded by mRNA base sequences.

Translation (Protein Synthesis) RNA  protein.

Proteins are made of amino acids

Transcription Steps to Transcribe DNA:

Protein Synthesis Translation

Amino acids are coded by mRNA base sequences.

Amino acids are coded by mRNA base sequences.

RNA - TRANSLATION.

Translation and Transcription

Amino acids are coded by mRNA base sequences.

Unit 7: Molecular Genetics

GENE EXPRESSION / PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

Amino acids are coded by mRNA base sequences.

Amino acids are coded by mRNA base sequences.

Higher Biology Unit 1: 1.3 Translation.

DNA carries the “code of life”

Amino acids are coded by mRNA base sequences.

Amino acids are coded by mRNA base sequences.

Translation converts an mRNA message into a polypeptide, or protein.

Amino acids are coded by mRNA base sequences.

Amino acids are coded by mRNA base sequences.

The Genetic Code and Translation

Amino acids are coded by mRNA base sequences.

Amino acids are coded by mRNA base sequences.

Amino acids are coded by mRNA base sequences.

DNA and the Genome Key Area 3c Translation.

Protein Synthesis.

Amino acids are coded by mRNA base sequences.

Presentation transcript:

CFE Higher Biology DNA and the Genome Translation

CFE Higher Biology DNA and the Genome Genetic code Translation is the synthesis of protein following the code with in the mature mRNA transcript. The mRNA is made of sequences of three nucleotides (a triplet of bases) called codons. Each codon is code for one amino acid.

CFE Higher Biology DNA and the Genome

CFE Higher Biology DNA and the Genome tRNA A further type of RNA is found in the cell’s cytoplasm. This is called tRNA (transfer RNA) and is made of a single chain of nucleotides. It is folded into a 3D structure, held together by hydrogen bonds.

CFE Higher Biology DNA and the Genome

CFE Higher Biology DNA and the Genome Each tRNA has an attachment site for a specific amino acid and a triplet of bases known as an anticodon. Many different types of tRNA are present in cell, one or more for each type of amino acid.

CFE Higher Biology DNA and the Genome The tRNA picks up its appropriate amino acid and takes it to the ribosome to be matched with the mRNA.

CFE Higher Biology DNA and the Genome

CFE Higher Biology DNA and the Genome Ribosomes

CFE Higher Biology DNA and the Genome Ribosomes are small, roughly spherical structures found in all cells. They contain the enzymes essential for protein synthesis. The ribosome’s function is to bring the tRNA molecules bearing amino acids in contact with the mRNA.

CFE Higher Biology DNA and the Genome Site P – holds the tRNA carrying the growing polypeptide chain. Site A – holds the tRNA carrying the next amino acid to be joined to the chain. Site E – releases the empty tRNA once it has dropped off its amino acid.

CFE Higher Biology DNA and the Genome The translation process 1. The ribosome binds to the 5’ end of the mRNA so that the start codon (AUG) is in site P. 2. Next a tRNA carrying the amino acid methionine becomes attached to site P.

CFE Higher Biology DNA and the Genome 3. The mRNA codon at site A bonds complementary anticodon on the appropriate tRNA bearing the correct amino acid. 4. A peptide bond then forms between these two amino acids. 5. The ribosome then moves along one codon. 6. The tRNA from Site P is move to Site E and released. 7. Steps 3-6 then repeat until it reaches a stop codon.