Varieties of American Nationalism Nationalism and Sectionalism Page 216 - 233

MAIN THEMES How the Federalists rose to-and fell from-power. The presentist debate over the religious inclinations of the founding fathers. The internal American divisions that beset the First Party period. How American ambitions and attitudes came into conflict with British policies and led to the War of 1812. The participation and impact of the War of 1812 on Amerinindians. The impact of the War of 1812 on American politics. The defining of political authority through John Marshall and the Supreme Court.

Nationalizing 4th of July Picnic 216 Steamboat 220 Sectionalizing Look through Ch. 8 visuals/charts/maps – write down which show a nationalizing influence and which show a sectionalizing influence Nationalizing 4th of July Picnic 216 Steamboat 220 Sectionalizing Missouri Compromise Electoral map

MANIFEST DESTINY American Progress

Aftermath of the War of 1812 America gives up demand of Britain to renounce impressment Also gives up demand for British Canada Unity threatened by slavery issue War/embargo stimulated economy esp. textiles Lowell system Exposed need for better transportation and for a national bank

Sectional Economic Goals 1. Low protective tariffs to encourage trade with England (cotton/tobacco) South North 1. Protective tariffs for the new New England industry 2. Public lands available for sale in large chunks (for farms+plantations) 2. High priced public lands to keep workers from migrating west 3. No federally built internal improvements 3. Federally built internal improvements The New West 1. Low-priced public lands to encourage settlement (watch for the NW Ordinance!) 2. Protective tariffs to stimulate growth of a home market 3. Federally built internal improvements

Economy suffers after war of 1812 Congress passes tariff

Transportation a public /private venture: pages 219-21 National Road financed by Ohio land sales. Robert Fulton: steam engine steamboat Madison vetoes Internal Improvements Bill. Did not believe Congress had the authority to fund improvements without a constitutional amendment Why do you think the govern. was now interested in Internal improvements?

Internal improvements left to state govern. and private sector

Westward Expansion PUSH Factors PULL factors Pop. /econ pressures Expan. of slavery Availability of new lands Less Indian resistance

The northwest is now the “old northwest” White settlers in old northwest Lonely but not solitary Built communities Mutual aid mobility

Plantation system in the southwest – p. 222 Demand for cotton draws farmers into western lands Spread of s. settlement slavery cotton plantations

4 new states admitted 1816 - Indiana 1817 – Mississippi 1818 – Illinois 1819 – Alabama What issue will be important as new states are admitted to the union? In 1821, Mexico wins independence from Spain and continues to control much of the southwest traders and merchants

Westward expansion: 1815- 1845

The Fur Trade and Mountain Men Jacob Astor’s American Fur Trading company Many lived peacefully with Ind and Mexicans Exception: Jedediah Smith Married Ind/Hisp women Many lived in isolation

The First Party Period 1796 1824

FOUR PARTY PERIODS 1829 - 1856 2ND PARTY SYSTEM   1796 - 1828 1ST PARTY SYSTEM FEDERALIST - ANTI-FEDERALIST NATIONALIST - REPUBLICAN / DEMOCRAT HAMILTONIAN - JEFFERSONIAN 1829 - 1856 2ND PARTY SYSTEM WHIG - DEMOCRACY ANTI-JACKSONIAN - JACKSONIAN 1856 - 1964 3RD PARTY SYSTEM REPUBLICAN - DEMOCRAT 1964 - 4TH PARTY SYSTEM   DEMOCRAT - REPUBLICAN

The “Era of Good Feelings” and the end of the 1st party system Time of temporary political unity 1808 – 1824 Madison serves for two terms then Monroe runs virtually unopposed in 1820, his second term Goodwill tour

1820 election

Father of the Constitution James Madison (1809 – 1817) Father of the Constitution

James Monroe (1817 – 1825)

Missouri Compromise 1820

Missouri Compromise- stirrings of sectionalism Henry Clay said that if Missouri was not admitted as a slave state, southerners would block admission of Maine as a free state Compromise temporarily papers over the issue of slavery

Marshall and the Court Case Ruling Importance of a contract Fletcher v Peck (1810) Dartmouth College v Woodward(1819) Importance of a contract Upheld the contract clause Cohens v Virginia (1821) Supreme Court has right to review state court decisions – states had given up Part of sovereignty when ratifying Const. McCulloch v Maryland (1819) Confirmed the implied powers of Congress to charter a national bank Gibbons v Ogden (1824) SC strengthens Congress’s power of interstate commerce = anything that crosses state lines

The Court and the Tribes Case Ruling Johnson v McIntosh (1823) US government rights to land have precedence over individual landholders/Tribes have basic right to land and only the government, not indiv. Settlers could take it away Cherokee Cases Worcester v. Georgia (1832) Tribes are sovereign entities and only the federal government has power over them/Defined a place for tribes within American political system

MAIN THEMES How the Federalists rose to-and fell from-power. The presentist debate over the religious inclinations of the founding fathers. The internal American divisions that beset the First Party period. How American ambitions and attitudes came into conflict with British policies and led to the War of 1812. The participation and impact of the War of 1812 on Amerinindians. The impact of the War of 1812 on American politics. The defining of political authority through John Marshall and the Supreme Court.

Religion and Revivalism RELIGION DURING FIRST PARTY PERIOD Religion and Revivalism Deism Universalism Unitarianism The Second Great Awakening   PRESBYTERIANS – WEST BABTISTS – SOUTH METHODISTS - *ARMINIANISM OVERTAKES CALVINISM