Chapter 22 The Lymph System

Lymphatic System

Lymphangiogram

Lymphatic words Lymphangiogram Lacteals vessels around small intestines Chyle – lymph fluid around small intestines with fat globules in it. Thoracic duct Right lymphatic duct Cisterna chyle- Nodes

Lymphatic organs Nodes Spleen Thymus Tonsils Peyer’s patches – patches of lymph tissue along the wall of the ileum Mucosa associated lymphatic tissue

Structure of spleen

Development of lymph

Invaders Bacteria Viruses Fungi Foreign objects Cancer cells

Non-Specific Resistance Skin and mucous membranes Tears, sweat, oil, urine, vomiting, saliva, etc. Sebum, lysozymes, gastric acid. Interferon – blocks viral implantation Complement - proteins Transferrins – reduce iron available to bacteria N-K cells and Phagocytes Inflammation Fever Perforins – poke holes in cells Cytokines – protein chemical messengers

Edward Jenner Created the first Immunization The disease: smallpox

Specific Resistance Lymphocytes Cellular (cell-mediated) immunity via T- Cells. Attack fungi, parasites, viruses, cancer cells and foreign tissue Humoral defense (antibody mediated) with B-cells. B-cells become plasma cells, leave the nodes and produce antibodies (Ig’s). Attack bacteria and viruses. Both systems have memory cells

Antibodies

IgG – attacks bacteria and viruses; triggers complement. IgA – localized protection against bacteria and viruses. IgM – Activates complement, causes agglutination and lysis, works in ABO. IgD – involved in activation of B cells IgE – involved in allergic and hypersensitivity, also protection against worms.

Lymph Diseases

AIDS / HIV Origin of infection in the U.S. Method of viral attack Retroviruses Delayed symptoms Where did the virus come from? Who is at risk? Treatment / cure??? Are there other viruses?

Words to Learn Eczema Immunization Septic shock Systemic lupus Hypersensitivity Anaphylactic reaction Autoimmune disease

More Words Lymphoma and Hodgkins Allograft Autograft Gamma globulin Lymphadenopathy Splenomegaly Xenograft Interleukin Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)