THE ANGLO-SAXON PERIOD

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Presentation transcript:

THE ANGLO-SAXON PERIOD 449---1066

Three Major Periods in English Literature Old English--449-1066 Middle English--1066-1485 Modern English--1485+

Pre-Anglo-Saxon England 2000 B. C. inhabited by Iberians Iberians invaded by Celts 55 B. C. Julius Caesar invaded 43 A. D. became a part of the Roman Empire under Claudius

By 300-400 A. D. Romans withdraw from Britain 449 A. D.--first Anglo-Saxon invasions

S T O N E H G

Hadrian’s Wall (Romans)

Anglo-Saxon Society Major tribes were the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes Social unit was the “clan” Each member bore responsibility for any wrongs inflicted or suffered by his kinsmen--duty to seek revenge

wergyld--system of payment or restitution (peaceful settlement based on property or money)

Anglo-Saxon society (cont.) Comitatus--feudal arrangement whereby a youth would attach himself to a strong leader in exchange for economic and legal protection---also gold, horses, armor, etc. Believed in a strong sense of fate, doom wyrd--Anglo-Saxon term for fate mead hall--center of social life

A Mead Hall

Anglo- Saxon Battle Helmet

Anglo-Saxon Religion Were pagan when they came to England St. Augustine sent by Pope Gregory to England in 597 Landed at Canterbury, which became the center of the English Church--remains so today Did not try to immediately stamp out old pagan religion Anglo-Saxons easily converted

IMPORTANCE OF CHRISTIANITY Had a civilizing effect on society Encouraged scholarly learning--monks could read and write--though mostly in Latin Scholarly monks wrote down the literature, which had been communicated orally

Page from the Beowulf Manuscript

The Danish (Viking) Invasions Began near the end of the 8th century Began periodic raids on the English coast Ravaged Northhumbria and turned southward to Wessex Stopped by Alfred the Great

Danish Ship

Why Alfred Was Great!!! Turned back Viking invaders, who were threatening the complete overthrow of Anglo-Christian civilization Promoted use of written Old English and commissioned writing of Anglo-Saxon Chronicles Encouraged scholarly endeavor Began first public schools Instituted the royal navy

Characteristics of Anglo-Saxons Courageous loyal generous hospitable Highly moral fond of boasting and fighting Valued treasure and worldly goods

Anglo-Saxon Poetry Anglo-Saxon poetry came from an oral tradition. It was recited/sung by a scop, who provided entertainment in the mead hall.

Features of Old English Poetry Extensive use of alliteration Use of caesura Four-beat line Liberal use of kennings (Kenning—a type of metaphorical phrase or compound word used to name a person, place, or thing.)

Wine-hall of warriors gleaming with gold. alliteration Wine-hall of warriors gleaming with gold. hemistich caesura kenning