Planes and Positions, Body Cavities and Membranes

PLANES

3 major planes:

Median Sagittal Plane- a sagittal cut that runs directly through the median. VS.

POSITIONS

The Basic Regions dorsal: toward the back of the body dorsal: toward the back of the body ventral: toward the underside of the body ventral: toward the underside of the body anterior (cranial): toward the head end of the body anterior (cranial): toward the head end of the body posterior (caudal): toward the tail end of the body posterior (caudal): toward the tail end of the body

Dorsal Ventral Anterior/ Superior Posterior/ Inferior

lateral: to the side of the body lateral: to the side of the body median: toward the center of the body median: toward the center of the body right and left: the pig's right and left, not yours! right and left: the pig's right and left, not yours! proximal or basal: closer to the trunk proximal or basal: closer to the trunk distal: farther from the trunk distal: farther from the trunk

Lateral Proximal/ Basal Distal

Median Right Proximal/ Basal Left Distal Lateral

Body Regions cranial region: head cranial region: head cervical region: neck cervical region: neck thoracic region: trunk thoracic region: trunk caudal region: abdomoninal region/tail region caudal region: abdomoninal region/tail region pelvic region: near pelvis pelvic region: near pelvis Pectoral region: shoulder area Pectoral region: shoulder area

1. cranial region: head 2. cervical region: neck 3.thoracic region: trunk 4. caudal region 5. pelvic region: near pelvis 6. Pectoral region: shoulder area

Thoracic Cavity- above the diaphragm Pleural Cavity- contains lungs Pericardial Cavity- contains heart Pericardial Cavity

Abdominal Cavity (Peritoneum) Cavity below the diaphragm Cavity below the diaphragm

MEMBRANES

Membranes- what is the function of the following? Parietal Pleura Parietal Pleura Visceral Pleura Visceral Pleura Parietal Peritoneum Parietal Peritoneum Visceral Peritoneum Visceral Peritoneum Pericardium Pericardium Greater Omentum Greater Omentum Mesentery Mesentery

Break it down… Parietals – Line the CAVITY they are in Parietals – Line the CAVITY they are in Viscerals – Line the ORGANS Viscerals – Line the ORGANS Pleura – refers to the chest area (pleural cavity) Pleura – refers to the chest area (pleural cavity) Peritoneum – refers to the abdominal area Peritoneum – refers to the abdominal area Pericardial – peri = around; cardial= the heart Pericardial – peri = around; cardial= the heart Greater Omentum- holds the spleen in place by attaching it to the stomach Greater Omentum- holds the spleen in place by attaching it to the stomach Mesentery- between the parts of the small intestine Mesentery- between the parts of the small intestine

So let’s try this again… Parietal Pleura Parietal Pleura Visceral Pleura Visceral Pleura Parietal Peritoneum Parietal Peritoneum Visceral Peritoneum Visceral Peritoneum Pericardium Pericardium Greater Omentum Greater Omentum Mesentery Mesentery

Time to Clicker!

Which membrane covers the organs of the chest area? 1. Parietal pleura 2. Parietal peritoneum 3. Visceral pleura 4. Visceral peritoneum 5. Pericardium 6. Greater omentum

Which membrane attaches the spleen to the stomach? 1. Parietal pleura 2. Parietal peritoneum 3. Visceral pleura 4. Visceral peritoneum 5. Pericardium 6. Greater omentum

Which membrane lines the chest area cavity? 1. Parietal pleura 2. Parietal peritoneum 3. Visceral pleura 4. Visceral peritoneum 5. Pericardium 6. Greater omentum

Other membrane types Synovial Membranes - Synovial Membranes - These membranes secrete a fluid to lubricate the ends of bones in joints. These membranes secrete a fluid to lubricate the ends of bones in joints. Serous Membranes Serous Membranes These membranes secrete a watery fluid to keep the organs in the cavities lubricated and separated so they are able to move. These membranes secrete a watery fluid to keep the organs in the cavities lubricated and separated so they are able to move. Meninges Meninges These membranes provide a protective covering for the brain and spinal cord. These membranes provide a protective covering for the brain and spinal cord. Mucous Membranes Mucous Membranes These membranes line the tubes of the digestive system, respiratory system, urinary system, and reproductive system for protection. These membranes line the tubes of the digestive system, respiratory system, urinary system, and reproductive system for protection.