9.ATOD.1.4

 What type of behaviors and body fluids can transmit HIV from one person to another?  Place your card under “Mode of Transmission” or “Not a Mode of Transmission”  If you are unsure, check with a fellow classmate

 Blood  Semen  Vaginal Fluids  Breast Milk

 Unprotected oral sex  Anal intercourse  Vaginal intercourse  Breastfeeding by an HIV infected mother  Sharing needles

 Video Clip Video Clip  Individuals who are addicted to drugs are much more likely to have unprotected sex.  Why do you think this is true?  Babies are born struggling with addiction  They can also be born as carriers of HIV or Hepatitis B or C  The two most common ways blood borne pathogens are spread:  unprotected sex  sharing needles during intravenous drug use

 Explain intravenous drug use and the possible risks  Review common bloodborne diseases and possible complications  List ways to reduce risks associated with intravenous drug use

 Injection of a substance into a vein using a needle and syringe The problem:  Potential exposure to bloodborne pathogens from shared needles, syringes, and other drug injection paraphernalia  Includes drugs like cocaine, heroin, methamphetamine, and steroids

 Microorganisms found in human blood that are capable of causing disease in humans  Examples:  Hepatitis B  Hepatitis C  HIV

 HIV, HBV, and HBC are viruses which can be transmitted through different modes, including IV drug use.  Let’s look at some effects of these bloodborne pathogens…

 Short-term  Loss of appetite  Fatigue (feeling tired all the time)  Nausea and vomiting  Abdominal pain  Dark urine  Jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes)  Long-term  Infection  Cirrhosis (scarring) of the liver  Liver cancer  Liver failure  Death

 A virus that can cause AIDS  HIV is different from most other viruses because it attacks the body's immune system  The immune system fights infections that harm the body.  HIV finds and attacks CD4 cells that the immune system needs to fight disease

 Many people do not develop symptoms after getting infected with HIV  Some people have flu-like symptoms  Fever, headache, tiredness, enlarged lymph glands around the neck  These symptoms usually disappear on their own within a few weeks  The progression of HIV varies per person  This state may last from a few months to more than 10 years

 Lack of energy  Weight loss  Frequent fevers and sweats  Persistent or frequent yeast infections  Skin rashes or flaky skin  Short-term memory loss  Mouth, genital, or anal sores from herpes infections

 AIDS is the most advanced stage of HIV infection.  The definition of AIDS includes all HIV- infected people who have fewer than 200 CD4 cells per microliter of blood  After the diagnosis of AIDS is made, the average survival time has been estimated to be 2-3 years

 There's no cure for HIV/AIDS  A variety of drugs can be used in combination to control the virus  Each of the classes of anti-HIV drugs blocks the virus in different ways.  It's best to combine at least three drugs from two different classes to avoid creating strains of HIV that are immune to single drugs

 Don’t use injection drugs (except for prescribed medication).  Don’t share needles  Educate others about the risks associated with intravenous drugs.  Become an advocate for others in your community.

 Write a letter to the editor  Include the following points  Background information on injection drug use  Describe risks associated with injection drug use, specifically blood borne diseases  Encourage parents, community organizations and public officials to provide resources and support to those who need assistance with IV drug use

 Create your own anti-IV drug poster to reduce risk for exposure to HIV, HBC, and HBC