FUNDAMENTALS OF EFFECTIVE BOARD GOVERNANCE North Texas Unitarian Universalist Congregations February 8, 2014 Used with permission by Jim Key, from Toward Effective Governance, 7/14/12

General Session Objectives Why is good governance important? Overview Effective Board Governance models Describe six primary functions of boards Examine modes of governance Assess your board’s effectiveness together Approach governance as a spiritual practice and shared ministry 2/8/14NTUUC2 Used with permission by Jim Key, from Toward Effective Governance, 7/14/12

Board Effectiveness “There is one thing all boards have in common…They do not function.” Drucker, 1974 “Ninety-five percent (of boards) are not fully doing what they are legally, morally, and ethically supposed to do.” Geneen, 1984 “Boards tend to be…incompetent groups of competent individuals.” John and Miriam Carver, 2001 NTUUC3 Used with permission by Jim Key, from Toward Effective Governance, 7/14/12 2/8/14

Definition of Governance Seeing to it that the organization achieves what it should and avoids unacceptable situations. John Carver NTUUC4 Used with permission by Jim Key, from Toward Effective Governance, 7/14/12 2/8/14

Benefits of Good Governance Provides continuity of board leadership Provides transparency and consistency in decision making Creates methods for urgent action that can foster responsiveness Protects the organization Focus on purpose, vision and growth NTUUC5 Used with permission by Jim Key, from Toward Effective Governance, 7/14/12 2/8/14

Six Primary Functions of the Board 1. Visioning 2. Policy making 3. Stewardship 4. Sponsorship 5. Advocacy 6. Consultancy NTUUC6 Used with permission by Jim Key, from Toward Effective Governance, 7/14/12 2/8/14

NTUUC7 Visioning and Policy-making Should be at the forefront of the board’s work, in collaboration with the congregation’s professional and volunteer staff. Used with permission by Jim Key, from Toward Effective Governance, 7/14/12 2/8/14

NTUUC8 As stewards … Board holds the congregation’s assets in trust, including moral and other intangible assets. Used with permission by Jim Key, from Toward Effective Governance, 7/14/12 2/8/14

NTUUC9 As sponsors … Board should collectively be among the most generous supporters of the congregation with both time and money Used with permission by Jim Key, from Toward Effective Governance, 7/14/12 2/8/14

NTUUC10 As advocates … Board represents interests of the congregation as an institution both to its own members and, even more importantly, to the wider community. Used with permission by Jim Key, from Toward Effective Governance, 7/14/12 2/8/14

NTUUC11 As consultants … Board members are available to the staff – at the staff’s invitation – to provide counsel and encouragement from their particular areas of expertise Used with permission by Jim Key, from Toward Effective Governance, 7/14/12 2/8/14

Board Team Assessment – Part 1 Choose convener, scribe, and timekeeper Assess your board’s maturity (low, medium, high) on each of the six functions: Visioning, policy making, stewardship, sponsorship, advocacy, and consultancy Discuss how to move the board’s maturity to a higher level NTUUC12 Used with permission by Jim Key, from Toward Effective Governance, 7/14/12 2/8/14

Six Primary Functions of a Board Key Messages Most boards are well-intentioned but not fully effective Effective Governance keeps the board focused on its role Effective Governance provides continuity in leadership Effective Governance sets the framework for decision- making transparency Maturing as a board is a journey NTUUC132/8/14

Models vs. Modes Richard Chait and his colleagues argue that we should shift emphasize to modes over models in seeking to govern well. Source: Richard Chait, William Ryan and Barbara Taylor, Governance As Leadership: Reframing the Work of Non-profit Boards (Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons, 2005) NTUUC14 Used with permission by Jim Key, from Toward Effective Governance, 7/14/12 2/8/14

Governance as Leadership Type 1: Fiduciary Type 2: Strategic Type 3: Generative NTUUC15 Used with permission by Jim Key, from Toward Effective Governance, 7/14/12 2/8/14

Type I: Fiduciary Governance Safeguards the mission against unintentional drift and unauthorized shifts in purpose Speaks with one voice. Promotes lawful and ethical behavior. Ensures that resources are deployed effectively. Prevents theft, waste or misuse of resources. NTUUC16 Used with permission by Jim Key, from Toward Effective Governance, 7/14/12 2/8/14

Type II: Strategic Governance Builds authority, responsibility and accountability into the system. Crafts forms and structures to mirror the congregations priorities and values. Aims to construct a consensus about what the congregation’s strategy should be. Oversees strategic planning process and articulates what matters most for the future. NTUUC17 Used with permission by Jim Key, from Toward Effective Governance, 7/14/12 2/8/14

What is Generative Thinking? A cognitive process for deciding what to pay attention to, what it means, and what to do about it. NTUUC18 Used with permission by Jim Key, from Toward Effective Governance, 7/14/12 2/8/14

Type III: Generative Governance Engages others within (and beyond) the congregation in generative thinking. Chooses and uses new frames of reference. Reflects on the big issues facing the congregation. Thinks retrospectively and constructs the congregation’s “dominant narrative.” Defines what knowledge, information and data mean. NTUUC19 Used with permission by Jim Key, from Toward Effective Governance, 7/14/12 2/8/14

Going from Good to Transformational A functional board is a Level 1: Fiduciary A good board moves to Level 2: Strategic A great board becomes a Level 3: Generative NTUUC20 Used with permission by Jim Key, from Toward Effective Governance, 7/14/12 2/8/14

Board Team Assessment – Part 2 Reconvene in your board teams Assess your board’s performance on fiduciary, strategic, and generative performance (Low, Medium, High) Refer to the fiduciary, strategic and generative considerations on the assessment worksheet. Discuss how your board can improve on each of the three modes Be prepared to discuss your assessment in the topic sessions through the day NTUUC21 Used with permission by Jim Key, from Toward Effective Governance, 7/14/12 2/8/14

Modes of Governance Leadership Key Messages Going from Good to Transformational NTUUC222/8/14

VISIONING Nancy Foreman Horizon 2/8/14NTUUC23

POLICY MAKING Anita Mills Oak Cliff 2/8/14NTUUC24

STEWARDSHIP Mary Noer Westside 2/8/14NTUUC25

Board Team Reflection and Action Planning Take a few minutes personally to complete p.6 of the Board Assessment (Action Plan Worksheet) Discuss Action Plans with Board Teams Agree on three top priorities with your Board Team Prepare to report out to the whole group NTUUC26 Used with permission by Jim Key, from Toward Effective Governance, 7/14/12 2/8/14

WRAP-UP DISCUSSION What are Key Take Ways? What the Key Messages for Your Boards? 2/8/14NTUUC27

Implications for the Board Scale governance model to the size of the congregation Consider annual board retreat Acquire governance training periodically Consider voices not at the table Acquire cultural competency NTUUC28 Used with permission by Jim Key, from Toward Effective Governance, 7/14/12 2/8/14

Implications for the Board Acknowledge ownership of the governance process by the board Acknowledge the power and authority granted to board via representative democracy Be intentional in communications and disclosures to the membership NTUUC29 Used with permission by Jim Key, from Toward Effective Governance, 7/14/12 2/8/14

Humanity of Governing Requires the goodwill of the congregation Inquiry must preempt judgment Consultation underlies decision making Listen respectfully Governance is a spiritual practice Governance is shared ministry NTUUC30 Used with permission by Jim Key, from Toward Effective Governance, 7/14/12 2/8/14

TOWARD EFFECTIVENESS GOVERNANCE Originally presented at NTAUUS Boards Training July 14, 2012 Jim Key Used with permission by Jim Key, from Toward Effective Governance, 7/14/12 2/8/14NTUUC31