A report published August 2006 demonstrated that peptide YY: A - is upregulated by eating protein B - is a protein found in sperm C - is a protein that regulates male sexual behavior CQ 11-1

Announcements Midterm Study –Focus on concepts in lecture (reading as supplement) –Online quiz –Downloads Practice midterm without answers With answers Quiz key and study guide –URLs that might help you with studying download section for Lec 13 Discussion Philosophy

Lecture 11: Cellular Respiration Monday 10/20/08 Reading Chapter 9 Pgs Web Activities: 9.2, 9.4 Online Lecture 11 Quiz 11-1 Fall 2008, Bio 93, O’Dowd and Warrior, UCI - Copyright: All rights reserved

Figure 6.10 The ATP cycle 11-2 Fall 2007, Bio 93, O’Dowd and Warrior, UCI - Copyright: All rights reserved

Mitochondria –Site of cellular respiration in all eukaryotic cells 11-3 Fall 2007, Bio 93, O’Dowd and Warrior, UCI - Copyright: All rights reserved

Defects in mitochondrial function Degenerative diseases, cancer, aging Inherited mitochondrial diseases (1:4000 births) Muscle weakness Degenerative disease of the CNS Metabolic disturbances marked by high levels of lactic acid 11-4 Fall 2007, Bio 93, O’Dowd and Warrior, UCI - Copyright: All rights reserved

Seizures: onset 1 month Delayed gross and fine motor skill development Generalized muscle weakness Inherited mitochondria disorder 3/25/98-6/9/03

Xe- + Y X + Ye- Cellular Respiration Relocation of electrons from food to oxygen –Released energy used to synthesize ATP General redox reaction: –Two components Oxidation- Removal of electrons from one substance Reduction- Addition of electrons to a substance 11-5 Fall 2007, Bio 93, O’Dowd and Warrior, UCI - Copyright: All rights reserved Reactants X will be oxidized Y will be reduced Products

Redox equation for cellular respiration Glucose is oxidized (Hs and their electrons will be removed) to CO2 Oxygen is reduced (Hs will be added) to H2O Energy is released C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O Will be oxidized will be reduced ATP 11-6 Fall 2007, Bio 93, O’Dowd and Warrior, UCI - Copyright: All rights reserved

Cellular respiration: controlled explosion 11-7 Fall 2007, Bio 93, O’Dowd and Warrior, UCI - Copyright: All rights reserved

NAD + : Shuttles electrons from fuel to electron transport chain –Dehydrogenase enzymes strip 2 H atoms (2 electrons and 2 protons) from fuel One H atom + 1 extra electron passed to NAD+ to form NADH One H ion (H + : proton minus electron) released to solution CC #11 With this hydroxyl containing molecule as fuel, complete the equation of the reaction described above. Circle the reactant molecule that will be oxidized? H - C - OH + ____ ______ + ______ + ___ 11-8 Fall 2007, Bio 93, O’Dowd and Warrior, UCI - Copyright: All rights reserved

NAD + : Shuttles electrons from fuel to electron transport chain –Dehydrogenase enzymes strip 2 H atoms (2 electrons and 2 protons) from fuel One H atom + 1 extra electron passed to NAD+ to form NADH One H ion (H + : proton minus electron) released to solution CC# 11 With this hydroxyl containing molecule as fuel, complete the equation of the reaction described above. Circle the reactant molecule that will be oxidized? H - C - OH + _____ ______ + _____ + ____ Dehydrogenase NAD + NADHC=OH+H+

Cellular respiration: NAD+ Tennis ball shuttle

NADH: moves electrons to transport chain Electron Transport Chain 11-9 Fall 2007, Bio 93, O’Dowd and Warrior, UCI - Copyright: All rights reserved

Cellular Respiration –Relocation of electrons from food to O 2 –released energy used to synthesize ATP Fall 2007, Bio 93, O’Dowd and Warrior, UCI - Copyright: All rights reserved

Glucose EXTRACELLULAR Fall 2007, Bio 93, O’Dowd and Warrior, UCI - Copyright: All rights reserved

Step 1: Glycolysis in cytosol –Converts glucose to pyruvate –Generates 2 NADH, 2 H + –Net gain of 2 ATP –Requires initial energy investment (used in citric acid cycle) (used in oxidative phosph.) ( substrate level phosphorylation) Fall 2007, Bio 93, O’Dowd and Warrior, UCI - Copyright: All rights reserved

Substrate level phosphorylation Fall 2007, Bio 93, O’Dowd and Warrior, UCI - Copyright: All rights reserved

Pyruvate moves into mitochondrial matrix –Aided by a transport protein For each pyruvate CO 2 NADH Acetyl CoA Fall 2007, Bio 93, O’Dowd and Warrior, UCI - Copyright: All rights reserved

Step 2 Citric Acid Cycle: mitochondrial matrix –For each ACoA 2 CO 2 3 NADH 1 FADH 2 (another electron carrier) 1 ATP Fall 2007, Bio 93, O’Dowd and Warrior, UCI - Copyright: All rights reserved

Step 3 Electron transport chain: inner mito. Memb. NADH and FADH2 donate electrons Powers proton pumps, generates proton gradient Produces water Fall 2007, Bio 93, O’Dowd and Warrior, UCI - Copyright: All rights reserved

Chemiosmosis: inner mitochondrial membrane –The ATP synthase molecules allow passive transport of H + –H+ flow through synthase results in joining of ADP+Pi to form ATP (chemiosomosis). H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ ADP+ Pi ATP Intermembrane space Inner membrane matrix Fall 2007, Bio 93, O’Dowd and Warrior, UCI - Copyright: All rights reserved

Cellular respiration generates 38 ATP/glucose Fall 2007, Bio 93, O’Dowd and Warrior, UCI - Copyright: All rights reserved

Pyruvate as a key juncture in catabolism Fall 2007, Bio 93, O’Dowd and Warrior, UCI - Copyright: All rights reserved In: Glucose,ATP Out: pyruvate,NADH, H2O, 2 ATP In: Acetyl CoA Out:NADH,FADH2 ATP, CO2 In: NADH, FADH2, O2 Out:H2O, ATP Ox Phos

Lactic Acid Fermentation Fall 2007, Bio 93, O’Dowd and Warrior, UCI - Copyright: All rights reserved

A) It was converted to water which weighs much less than fat B) It was converted to glucose, ATP produced, CO 2 and H 2 O released C) It was converted to pyruvate and Acetyl CoA, ATP produced, CO 2 and H 2 O released D) It was converted to amino acids and eliminated in the urine CQ 11-2 You have a friend who lost 15 pounds of fat from dieting. Where did the fat go?

A) It was converted to water which weighs much less than fat B) It was converted to glucose, ATP produced, CO 2 and H 2 O released C) It was converted to pyruvate and Acetyl CoA, ATP produced, CO 2 and H 2 O released D) It was converted to amino acids and eliminated in the urine Lost 15 lbs of fat:

Reading and Study Guide for Lecture 12 Required reading –Chapter 10 pgs Recommended exercises –Web Activities: 10.1, Fall 2008, Bio 93, O’Dowd and Warrior, UCI - Copyright: All rights reserved

Oxidative Phosphorylation Demo Challenge: llustrate pumping ions across membrane, and having them flow back through synthase What I tried last year did not work and don’t have a good idea for this year