P4; Calculations Learning Objective; Use suitable equations to perform calculations. Success Criteria; Use each of the equations independently and successfully. Calculators at the Ready!!! Think carefully About which equation is needed!

Plant Reproduction LO; Find out about the two different ways plants reproduce.

Plant Reproduction Plants can reproduce in two ways: –Sexually – with another plant –Asexually – without another plant

Asexual Reproduction Asexual reproduction only involves one parent plant, and does not need sex cells New plants made through asexual reproduction are all exactly the same

Asexual reproduction Strawberries reproduce asexually They send out runners over the ground These runners sprout roots at various intervals and new plants grow Once the plants are established, the runners die and rot away

Asexual reproduction Runners Parent plant New offspring

Asexual reproduction Potatoes use tubers to reproduce They send out underground stems that swell out at the end into tubers These are young potatoes and contain stores of food (starch) Each tuber can then grow into an entire new plant

Asexual reproduction Parent plant Young tubers Stems growing underground

Asexual reproduction Gardeners use asexual reproduction to create new plants that are identical to the parent plants They cannot create new varieties this way But they can produce required plants much quicker than growing them from seeds produced in sexual reproduction

Asexual reproduction The most common way for gardeners to create new plants asexually is by taking cuttings and growing them These cuttings will develop their own roots and grow into an identical new plant

Plant Reproduction For sexual reproduction, plants need a male and a female Male and female plants have different reproductive organs The reproductive organs are found in the flowers Most plants actually have both male and female organs in their flowers

Plant Reproduction

Male reproductive organs make pollen grains These are the male sex cells or gametes Female reproductive organs contain egg cells These are the female sex cells or gametes

Male reproductive organ Female reproductive organs Female gametes are stored here

Plant Reproduction Sexual reproduction in plants has the same principles as in animals The nucleus from a male gamete must join with the nucleus from a female gamete The new nucleus will now contain a full set of information to create a new plant Half of the information is from the ‘mother’ plant, and half from the ‘father’ plant The new plant will contain features from both

The corolla is made of the petals – they attract pollinators The stamens are the male part of the flower – they are made of the anther and the filament. The anther makes the pollen. The carpel is the female part and made of the stigma, style and ovary. In the ovary are ovules which have the female egg cell.

There are two types of pollination. Cross pollination – when pollen goes from one plant to another of the same type. This kind of pollination results in stronger plants. The other type of pollination is self pollination where the pollen goes from the anther to the stigma of the same plant. This can result in a genetically weaker plant Pollination is the transfer of pollen from the anther to the sticky stigma by wind, animals/insects or water.

Plant Reproduction Gardeners can use sexual reproduction to create new varieties of an old plant This can make them more valuable, or simply more interesting!

Plant Reproduction Variation can lead to different colours, sizes or tastes of fruit.

Catch the ball and answer the question.