REDD+ After Cancun: Moving from Negotiation to Implementation Information, Monitoring & MRV for REDD+ in Indonesia: The UN-REDD Approach Joel Scriven REDD+ After Cancun: Moving from Negotiation to Implementation 10 May 2011, Douala

Outline The UN-REDD Programme Information, monitoring & MRV Approach in Indonesia (and generally in Asia Pacific) Challenges to date Phases: Decides that the activities undertaken by Parties referred to in paragraph 70 above should be implemented in phases, beginning with the development of national strategies or action plans, policies and measures, and capacity-building, followed by the implementation of national policies and measures and national strategies or action plans that could involve further capacity-building, technology development and transfer and results-based demonstration activities, and evolving into results-based actions that should be fully measured, reported and verified; Safeguards: environmental integrity - national development priorities, objectives and circumstances and capabilities and should respect sovereignty - consistent with Parties’ national sustainable development needs and goals - context of sustainable development and reducing poverty, while responding to climate change – adaptation – sustainable management of forests – relevant international agreements – governance, national legislation etc – respect knowledge and rights of indigenous people – full participation of relevant stakeholders – consistent with conservation and not conversion of national forests etc.

The UN-REDD Programme Established in 2008 by UNDP, UNEP and FAO UNFCCC Bali Action Plan Offers UN Joint Program: Delivering as One UN Agreed delivery platform with FCPF and FIP Supports countries to benefit from REDD+ Facilitate international cooperation; Support countries through the development of the three REDD+ phases; Capacity building and strengthening; FAO: Focus on technical monitoring and MRV aspects Phases: Decides that the activities undertaken by Parties referred to in paragraph 70 above should be implemented in phases, beginning with the development of national strategies or action plans, policies and measures, and capacity-building, followed by the implementation of national policies and measures and national strategies or action plans that could involve further capacity-building, technology development and transfer and results-based demonstration activities, and evolving into results-based actions that should be fully measured, reported and verified; Safeguards: environmental integrity - national development priorities, objectives and circumstances and capabilities and should respect sovereignty - consistent with Parties’ national sustainable development needs and goals - context of sustainable development and reducing poverty, while responding to climate change – adaptation – sustainable management of forests – relevant international agreements – governance, national legislation etc – respect knowledge and rights of indigenous people – full participation of relevant stakeholders – consistent with conservation and not conversion of national forests etc.

The UN-REDD Programme MRV and Monitoring REDD+ Governance Stakeholder Engagement Multiple Benefits of forests/REDD+ Transparent Equitable Accountable Management of REDD+ Payments REDD+ Governance REDD+ as Catalyst of Green Economy Phases: Decides that the activities undertaken by Parties referred to in paragraph 70 above should be implemented in phases, beginning with the development of national strategies or action plans, policies and measures, and capacity-building, followed by the implementation of national policies and measures and national strategies or action plans that could involve further capacity-building, technology development and transfer and results-based demonstration activities, and evolving into results-based actions that should be fully measured, reported and verified; Safeguards: environmental integrity - national development priorities, objectives and circumstances and capabilities and should respect sovereignty - consistent with Parties’ national sustainable development needs and goals - context of sustainable development and reducing poverty, while responding to climate change – adaptation – sustainable management of forests – relevant international agreements – governance, national legislation etc – respect knowledge and rights of indigenous people – full participation of relevant stakeholders – consistent with conservation and not conversion of national forests etc.

The UN-REDD Programme Phases: Decides that the activities undertaken by Parties referred to in paragraph 70 above should be implemented in phases, beginning with the development of national strategies or action plans, policies and measures, and capacity-building, followed by the implementation of national policies and measures and national strategies or action plans that could involve further capacity-building, technology development and transfer and results-based demonstration activities, and evolving into results-based actions that should be fully measured, reported and verified; Safeguards: environmental integrity - national development priorities, objectives and circumstances and capabilities and should respect sovereignty - consistent with Parties’ national sustainable development needs and goals - context of sustainable development and reducing poverty, while responding to climate change – adaptation – sustainable management of forests – relevant international agreements – governance, national legislation etc – respect knowledge and rights of indigenous people – full participation of relevant stakeholders – consistent with conservation and not conversion of national forests etc.

Following (& Translating) UNFCCC Decisions Two UNFCCC Decision texts: Decision 4/CP.15 on methodological guidance for REDD+; Decision 1/CP.16 Section II Chap. C on policy approaches for REDD+. Key points: Use of International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Guidance and Guidelines; System for providing information on REDD+ safeguards (Information); Set-up of robust and transparent national forest monitoring systems (Monitoring and MRV); Phased approach (1. Readiness; 2. Demonstration activities; 3. Fully MRV’ed national activities). Phases: Decides that the activities undertaken by Parties referred to in paragraph 70 above should be implemented in phases, beginning with the development of national strategies or action plans, policies and measures, and capacity-building, followed by the implementation of national policies and measures and national strategies or action plans that could involve further capacity-building, technology development and transfer and results-based demonstration activities, and evolving into results-based actions that should be fully measured, reported and verified; Safeguards: environmental integrity - national development priorities, objectives and circumstances and capabilities and should respect sovereignty - consistent with Parties’ national sustainable development needs and goals - context of sustainable development and reducing poverty, while responding to climate change – adaptation – sustainable management of forests – relevant international agreements – governance, national legislation etc – respect knowledge and rights of indigenous people – full participation of relevant stakeholders – consistent with conservation and not conversion of national forests etc.

REDD+ Safeguards Information System Parties must develop a system for providing information on how REDD+ safeguards are being addressed and respected throughout the implementation of REDD+ activities: Consistent with the objectives of NFPs and international agreements; Transparent and effective national forest governance structures; Respect for the knowledge and rights of indigenous peoples and local communities; The full and effective participation of relevant stakeholders; Consistent with the conservation of natural forests and biological diversity; Actions to address the risks of reversals (permanence); Actions to reduce displacement of emissions (leakage). Need to make this information accessible to all stakeholders during all implementation activities (Phases 2 and 3). Phases: Decides that the activities undertaken by Parties referred to in paragraph 70 above should be implemented in phases, beginning with the development of national strategies or action plans, policies and measures, and capacity-building, followed by the implementation of national policies and measures and national strategies or action plans that could involve further capacity-building, technology development and transfer and results-based demonstration activities, and evolving into results-based actions that should be fully measured, reported and verified; Safeguards: environmental integrity - national development priorities, objectives and circumstances and capabilities and should respect sovereignty - consistent with Parties’ national sustainable development needs and goals - context of sustainable development and reducing poverty, while responding to climate change – adaptation – sustainable management of forests – relevant international agreements – governance, national legislation etc – respect knowledge and rights of indigenous people – full participation of relevant stakeholders – consistent with conservation and not conversion of national forests etc.

Monitoring Systems In Phase 2 of REDD+: In Phase 3 of REDD+: Demonstration Activities Monitoring System: Ensure that subnational demonstration activities are results-based (i.e., result in measureable positive outcomes); Provides basic national coverage data, e.g., forest cover changes and the location of fires (feeds into REDD+ Safeguards Information System); E.g. Brazil’s PRODES TERRA-AMAZON In Phase 3 of REDD+: National Performance Monitoring System: Ensures that the implementation of national policies and measures on all the national territory are results-based (for the country to check how successful their policies and measures are and international transparency). Phases: Decides that the activities undertaken by Parties referred to in paragraph 70 above should be implemented in phases, beginning with the development of national strategies or action plans, policies and measures, and capacity-building, followed by the implementation of national policies and measures and national strategies or action plans that could involve further capacity-building, technology development and transfer and results-based demonstration activities, and evolving into results-based actions that should be fully measured, reported and verified; Safeguards: environmental integrity - national development priorities, objectives and circumstances and capabilities and should respect sovereignty - consistent with Parties’ national sustainable development needs and goals - context of sustainable development and reducing poverty, while responding to climate change – adaptation – sustainable management of forests – relevant international agreements – governance, national legislation etc – respect knowledge and rights of indigenous people – full participation of relevant stakeholders – consistent with conservation and not conversion of national forests etc.

Measurement, Reporting & Verification EMISSION FACTOR National Forest Inventory ACTIVITY DATA Satellite land monitoring system 2005 x M REDD+ GHG Inventory LULUCF Inventory Inventory compilation QA/QC Emission Inventory Database UNFCCC = R The three MRV components Integration of remote sensing with ground surveys. V UNFCCC Secretariat Roster of Experts

Phases & Elements: Bringing it all together... Phase I Readiness Phase II Results-based demonstration activities Phase III Payments for verified performance REDD+ PHASES Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6 Year 7 Capacity building & development REDD+ Safeguards Information System REDD+ Safeguards Information System Phases: Decides that the activities undertaken by Parties referred to in paragraph 70 above should be implemented in phases, beginning with the development of national strategies or action plans, policies and measures, and capacity-building, followed by the implementation of national policies and measures and national strategies or action plans that could involve further capacity-building, technology development and transfer and results-based demonstration activities, and evolving into results-based actions that should be fully measured, reported and verified; Safeguards: environmental integrity - national development priorities, objectives and circumstances and capabilities and should respect sovereignty - consistent with Parties’ national sustainable development needs and goals - context of sustainable development and reducing poverty, while responding to climate change – adaptation – sustainable management of forests – relevant international agreements – governance, national legislation etc – respect knowledge and rights of indigenous people – full participation of relevant stakeholders – consistent with conservation and not conversion of national forests etc. Demonstration Activities Monitoring System National Performance Monitoring System INFO, MON & MRV PHASES MRV System SLMS: AD NFI: EF GHG-I: CO2e SLMS

Global Significance of Indonesia’s Forests 3rd largest tropical forest area, peatlands; high deforestation rates Hansen et al., South Dakota State University Phases: Decides that the activities undertaken by Parties referred to in paragraph 70 above should be implemented in phases, beginning with the development of national strategies or action plans, policies and measures, and capacity-building, followed by the implementation of national policies and measures and national strategies or action plans that could involve further capacity-building, technology development and transfer and results-based demonstration activities, and evolving into results-based actions that should be fully measured, reported and verified; Safeguards: environmental integrity - national development priorities, objectives and circumstances and capabilities and should respect sovereignty - consistent with Parties’ national sustainable development needs and goals - context of sustainable development and reducing poverty, while responding to climate change – adaptation – sustainable management of forests – relevant international agreements – governance, national legislation etc – respect knowledge and rights of indigenous people – full participation of relevant stakeholders – consistent with conservation and not conversion of national forests etc.

Approach to Implementation in Indonesia Follow phases Phase 1: Readiness Partnerships (e.g. Norway) Extensive technical consultations Develop Action Plan, including institutional arrangements: Build on existing capacities and expertise Presidential Decree to enact Action Plan – including creation of new institutions and steering committees Hire and train technical staff Phases: Decides that the activities undertaken by Parties referred to in paragraph 70 above should be implemented in phases, beginning with the development of national strategies or action plans, policies and measures, and capacity-building, followed by the implementation of national policies and measures and national strategies or action plans that could involve further capacity-building, technology development and transfer and results-based demonstration activities, and evolving into results-based actions that should be fully measured, reported and verified; Safeguards: environmental integrity - national development priorities, objectives and circumstances and capabilities and should respect sovereignty - consistent with Parties’ national sustainable development needs and goals - context of sustainable development and reducing poverty, while responding to climate change – adaptation – sustainable management of forests – relevant international agreements – governance, national legislation etc – respect knowledge and rights of indigenous people – full participation of relevant stakeholders – consistent with conservation and not conversion of national forests etc.

Approach to Implementation in Indonesia Phase 2: Transition, implementation & capacity building Implementation: National policies and measures (e.g., logging moratorium) Demonstration Activities Monitoring System for subnational pilot activities (e.g., Central Kalimantan) REDD+ Safeguards Information System Capacity building: SLMS (data and image collection, processing and analysis) NFI (training of field teams, data management, processing and storage) REDD+ GHG inventory (standardization of all official data, reporting requirements) Phases: Decides that the activities undertaken by Parties referred to in paragraph 70 above should be implemented in phases, beginning with the development of national strategies or action plans, policies and measures, and capacity-building, followed by the implementation of national policies and measures and national strategies or action plans that could involve further capacity-building, technology development and transfer and results-based demonstration activities, and evolving into results-based actions that should be fully measured, reported and verified; Safeguards: environmental integrity - national development priorities, objectives and circumstances and capabilities and should respect sovereignty - consistent with Parties’ national sustainable development needs and goals - context of sustainable development and reducing poverty, while responding to climate change – adaptation – sustainable management of forests – relevant international agreements – governance, national legislation etc – respect knowledge and rights of indigenous people – full participation of relevant stakeholders – consistent with conservation and not conversion of national forests etc.

Approach to Implementation in Indonesia Phase 3: Payments for verified performance Integration of REDD+ with other mitigation actions Fully operational MRV System to report REDD+ mitigation performance in CO2e: Payment linked to performance REDD+ reporting requirements consistent with NAMAs (paragraphs 60 & 61, 1/CP.16): National Communications every four years Update reports every two years REDD+ Safeguards Information System (ongoing) Demonstration Activities Monitoring System  National Performance Monitoring System

Challenges International context Institutional Coordination Technical Limited knowledge of negotiation outcomes Institutional Gaining national consensus Coordination Of international support Distribution of tasks Technical Communicating and building lasting technical knowledge Logistical Extending training across Provinces

Thank you for your attention Contact: joel.scriven@fao.org