US History Fall Midterm Review 30e - explain the reasons for French settlement of Quebec (fur trade) 30f - explain the Spanish colonial presence in Florida and its impact on the creation of Georgia as a buffer colony

Unit 7: The Gilded Age (1870-1900)

Reconstruction & Rise of Jim Crow USA in the Gilded Age: 1870-1900 Industrialization Ranching, Mining, Farming Reconstruction & Rise of Jim Crow

USA in the Gilded Age: 1870-1900 The South: After the failure of Reconstruction in 1877, the South entered the Jim Crow era Industry was regional by 1890: (a) NE had 85% of industry, (b) the sparsely-settled West provided raw materials for industry, & (c) the South was still recovering from war (made tobacco, iron & textiles; but ½ as many manufactured goods as NY state)

Sharecropping & Segregation

USA in the Gilded Age: 1870-1900 The West: Farmers, ranchers, & miners closed the last of the frontier at the expense of Indians

Mining was the 1st attraction to the West; Miners created “instant towns” in areas where gold or silver was discovered

Cattle Ranchers on the “Open Range”

The Farming Bonanza In 1862, the U.S. government began the Homestead Act which encouraged farmers to settle in the West by offering 160 acres of land to families who promised to live there for 5 years A pioneer sod house

Irish workers made up a large percentage of laborers on the eastern section Chinese workers made up a large percentage of laborers on the western leg 1st transcontinental railroad connected the west coast to eastern cities in 1869

Populists Populists were westerners who wanted “Free silver” (Bi-metalism) Regulation of railroads Income tax Direction election of senators

Native Americans in the West: Major Battles & Reservations Little Big Horn—Sioux surrounded & killed US Army division led by Custer Wounded Knee—Indians were killed to stop performance of Ghost Dance ritual Indian tribes retained only a few reservations set aside by the U.S. government

Experienced an industrial revolution, mass immigration, & urbanization USA in the Gilded Age: 1870-1900 The North: Experienced an industrial revolution, mass immigration, & urbanization

America became the world’s leader in Railroad, Oil, Steel, Electricity

Vertical & Horizontal Integration

“Big Business” Monopolies (trusts): Companies that controlled the majority of one industry: Rockefeller’s Standard Oil Carnegie’s U.S. Steel Vanderbilt’s railroads

Working & Living Conditions

“New Immigration” & Urbanization

Robber Barons or Captains of Industry?

Unit 8: The Progressive Era (1890-1920)

The Progressive Era (1890-1920) Social Gospel Jane Addams & settlement houses Women’s Christian Temperance Union Political Reforms: City commissions Initiative, recall, referendum

Muckraking Journalism History of Standard Oil helped push for the break-up of monopolies Muckraking Journalism The Jungle led the gov’t to pass the Meat Inspection Act in 1906

Anti-Trust Reform

Progressive Reform in the States Progressives made state governments more democratic: Initiatives—citizens (not politicians) can put an issue on a state ballot & vote to make laws Referendums—citizens vote on an issue (such as tax increases) suggested by state legislatures Recalls—citizens can remove an elected official by popular vote 17th amendment allowed for the direct election of Senators

Reforming Society Social Reform: Jane Addams’ settlement houses for poor urban workers NAACP formed to help fight discrimination against blacks 18th Amendment: prohibition 19th Amendment: gave women the right to vote