King saud university College of nursing Master program NUR 543 Erik Erikson Theory Psychosocial Development Done by : Maha Alonazi

OUTLINE -Introduction. -Erikson theory development. -Terminology. - Ego psychology -The eight stage for Erikson theory. -Infancy stage - Trust vs. Mistrust. - Toddler stage- Autonomy vs. Shame . - Preschool stage - Initiative vs. Guilt . - School stage - Industry vs. Inferiority . - Adolescence stage - Identity vs. Role Confusion . - Young adulthood stage -: Intimacy and Solidarity vs. Isolation - Middle Adulthood stage - Generativity vs. Self absorption or Stagnation - Late Adulthood stage - Integrity vs. Despair . - Conclusion . - References .

OBJECTIVE At the end of this lecture the master student able to : Know how is eriksone . Identify eirksone theory development. Identify the eight stage of erikson theory . Discus erikson theory for every stage

INTRODUCTION He was born on June 15/ 1902 in Frankfurt Germany. Erik Erikson's interest in the psychology of identity & he focus on how society affects childhood and development. Erikson was a student and teacher of arts. He was trained in psychoanalysis at the Vienna Psychoanalytic institution under Anna Freud. pass away in 1994 .

TERMINOLOGY psychosocial crises: internal conflicts linked to life's key stages which help to define his or her growth and personality. Maladaptation : overly adopting positive extreme " can be change“. Malignancy : adopting the negative extreme " hard to be change".

Erikson Theory Development He developed a stage theory much like Sigmund Freud's Stages of Psychosexual development, but rather than sexual impulses, Erikson was concerned more with the social aspects of development

He developed his theory of Psychosocial Development where he divides the human lifespan into eight stages .

Each stage builds on the successful completion of earlier stages.

Erik Erikson believed that Freud misjudged human development and created a series of psychosocial stages. Erikson believed that the primary motivation for human behavior was social not sexual as Freud had predicted. Erikson also believed that the personality continued to develop throughout a person's life. Erikson proposed eight psychosocial stages occurring throughout a person's life. In order to move from one stage to the next a person must confront a certain task. The more successful the individual is at resolving the issue the healthier the person's development is.

Erikson believed that childhood is very important in personality development. He accepted many of Freud's theories, including the id, ego, and superego, and Freud's theory of infantile sexuality. But Erikson rejected Freud's attempt to describe personality on the basis of sexuality and unlike Freud felt that personality continued to develop beyond five years of age.

Ego psychology Ego psychology: Ego identity is the conscious sense of self that we develop through social interaction. According to Erikson our ego identity is constantly changing due to new experience and information we acquire in our daily interactions with others .

In addition to ego identity Erikson also believed that a sense of competence also motivates behaviors and actions. Each stage in Erikson’s theory is concerned with becoming competent in an area of life. If the stage is handled well the person will feel a sense of mastery which he sometimes referred to as ego strength or ego quality. If the stage is managed poorly the person will emerge with a sense of inadequacy.

The individual interacts with the external world as well as responds to internal forces. According to Freud, ego takes shape as a consequence of the disagreement between the external world and the persona’s inner self and identity ( defense mechanisms ).

CON’T All the theories aim that is no harm in having a little ego that can help person to cope with the daily & society pressures that he face in a better manner. The goal of psychoanalytic treatment is to establish a balance between bodily needs & psychological wants. Erikson believed that the ego exists from birth and he organized life into eight stages that extend from birth to death

Each stage is characterized by a psychosocial crisis which is based on physiological development but also on demands put on the individual by parents and/or society. Ideally the crisis in each stage should be resolved by the ego in that stage

EGO-PSYCHOLOGY Erikson's theory of ego psychology holds certain tenets that differentiate his theory from Freud's. Some of these include: The ego is of utmost importance. The ego is a powerful agent that can adapt to situations . Part of the ego is able to operate independently of the id and the superego.

CON’T mental health. Social factors have a role in personality development. Erikson's theory was more comprehensive than Freud's, and included information about "normal" personality as well as neurotics. He also broadened the scope of personality to incorporate society and culture, not just sexuality.

THE EIGHT STAGES 1. Infancy stage: Birth to 18 Months . 2. Toddler stage : 18 Months to 3 Years . 3. Preschool stage: 3 to 5 Years . 4. School stage : 6 to 12 Years . 5. Adolescence stage : 12 to 18 Years. 6. Young adulthood stage: 18 to 35 years. 7. Middle Adulthood stage: 35 to 55 or 65 years . 8. Late Adulthood stage : 55 or 65 years to Death .

Infant stage

Negative outcome Maladaptations & malignancies Significant relations Positive outcome issues and needs Significant relations Psychosocial crisis Stage Unsuccessful completion The anxiety, mistrust Maladaptations sensory distortion Malignancies withdrawal If trust develops successfully confidence, security, Hope and Drive feeding and being comfortedsleeping Mother Trust Vs Mistrust Infant stage

Toddler stage

Negative outcome Maladaptations & malignancies Significant relations Positive outcome issues and needs Significant relations Psychosocial crisis Stage If they are criticized, overly controlled, or not given the opportunity to be independent They Well feel inadequate in their ability to survive, than dependent upon others, lack self-esteem, and feel a sense of shame or doubt in their own abilities. Maladaptaion Impulsivity Malignancy Compulsion. If children encouraged and supported to increased independence The confident ability to survive in the world Willpower and Self-Control They begin to assert their independence, by walking away from their mother, picking which toy to play with and making choices about what they like to wear & to eat eg :Toilet training Parents Autonomy vs Shame and doubt Toddler stage

Preschooler stage

Negative outcome Maladaptation & malignancies Significant relations Positive outcome issues and needs Significant relations Psychosocial crisis Stage criticism or control They develop a sense of guilt & they may feel like a irritation to others, lacking in self-initiative . Maladaptation: Ruthlessness Malignancy: Inhibition given this opportunity develop a sense of initiative, and feel secure in their ability to lead others and make decisions They begin to plan activities, make up games, and initiate activities with others, exploration , discovery, and adventure family Initiative vs Guilt Preschool stage

School age stage

Negative outcome Maladaptations & malignancies Significant relations Positive outcome issues and needs Significant relations Psychosocial crisis Stage If this initiative is not encouraged, or restricted by parents or teacher. They begins to feel inferior, doubting his own abilities and therefore may not reach his potential Maladaptation: Narrow Virtuosity Malignancy: Inertia If they are encouraged and reinforced for their initiative, begin to feel industrious and feel confident in their ability to achieve goals achievement and accomplishment teachers play an increased role in the child’s independent. neighborhood and school Industry vs Inferiority School age stage

Adolescence stage

Negative outcome Maladaptations & malignancies Significant relations Positive outcome issues and needs Significant relations Psychosocial crisis Stage based upon the outcome of their explorations of who they are can be hindered (delayed), which results in a sense of confusion Maladaptaion: Fanaticism Malignancy Repudiation They explore possibilities and begin to form their own identity More independent, and begin to look at the future in terms of career, relationships, families, housing peer groups Ego-identity vs Role-confusion Adolescence stage

Young adult stage

Negative outcome Maladaptations & malignancies Significant relations Positive outcome issues and needs Significant relations Psychosocial crisis Stage Avoiding intimacy, fearing commitment and relationships They isolation, loneliness, and sometimes depression, Maladaptaion Promiscuity Malignancy : Exclusivity Successful completion comfortable relationships and a sense of commitment, safety, and care within a relationship Intimate relationshipsin the work and social life Partners & friends Lover Intimacy vs Isolation Young adult stage

Middle adult stage

Negative outcome Maladaptations & malignancies Significant relations Positive outcome Issues and needs Significant relations Psychosocial crisis Stage failing to achieve these objectives They become stagnant and feel unproductive Maladaptation: Overextension Malignancy: Rejectivity . If they successes Care and Production They give back to society through raising their children, being productive at work, and becoming involved in community activities and organizations. Families children community Generativity vs Self-absorption Middle adult stage

Old adult stage

Negative outcome Maladaptations & malignancies Significant relations Positive outcome issues and needs Significant relations Psychosocial crisis Stage If they see they lives as unproductive They feel guilt about their pasts, or feel unaccomplished their goals dissatisfied with life and develop despair (depression and hopelessness), Maladaptaion : Presumption Malignancy: Disdain. develop integrity if they see themselves as leading a successful life meaning and purpose, life achievements society, the world, life Integrity vs Despair Old adult stage

CONCLUSION : Erikson's psychosocial theory basically asserts that people experience eight psychosocial crisis stages which significantly affect each person's development and personality . He say that the development is determined by the interaction of the body (genetic biological programming), mind (psychological) and cultural (ethos) influences and he organized life into eight stages that extend from birth to death

Reference : http://www. Encyclopedia.com-Ego psychology . http://www.haverford.edu- Psychosocial Theory: Erikson. http://www.businessballs.com –erik erikson psychosocial development theory.