Warm-Up 1. You are a “meep” made of one cell and two strands of DNA, one from mom and one from dad. Explain how you, the little meep, acquires more DNA inside of all of your cells.

Its all in the DNA Cornell page 49 and copy what is in red.

DNA Function (What does it do?) DNA is the genetic information passed down from parent to offspring that makes an organism what it is Found in everyone of an organisms cells Yes, every living organism has DNA! And its all made of the same stuff!

DNA Structure 5’ 3’ DNA made of two phosphate backbones connected by base pairs Strands are antiparallel (One goes from 5’ to 3’ and the other goes from 3’ to 5’

DNA Structure DNA exists in the shape of a doublehelix (spiral staircase or ladder) Connected by the base pairs Adenine and Thymine and Guanine and Cytosine Yes, draw the DNA double helix!

DNA Structure Adenine pairs with Thymine (A – T) Guanine pairs with Cytosine (G – C) Complimentary Base Pairing Rules FACT: The DNA in your cells is some 3 billion base pairs long Compare that to the DNA you made yesterday

Taking a closer look at DNA Each DNA molecule (nucleotide) is made up of a phosphate group, Sugar group and a base phosphate base sugar Draw

8 RNA

9 RNA Differs from DNA 1.RNA has a sugar ribose DNA has a sugar deoxyribose 2.RNA contains the base uracil (U) DNA has thymine (T) 3.RNA molecule is single-stranded DNA is double-stranded

10 Structure of RNA

11. Three Types of RNA Messenger RNA (mRNA) carries genetic information to the ribosomes Messenger RNA (mRNA) carries genetic information to the ribosomes Ribosomal RNA (rRNA), along with protein, makes up the ribosomes Ribosomal RNA (rRNA), along with protein, makes up the ribosomes Transfer RNA (tRNA) transfers amino acids to the ribosomes where proteins are synthesized Transfer RNA (tRNA) transfers amino acids to the ribosomes where proteins are synthesized

Warm-Up What 2 molecules make up the sides of the DNA molecule? DNA is the instructions for building what molecule in our cells?

DNA Replication How we make more of it. Remember: Since everyone of our cells needs a copy of DNA, every time a cell undergoes mitosis, DNA needs to get copied for the new cell. Mitosis Plant Cell or Animal Cell DNA is copied Parent cell splits into to daughter cells

DNA Replication CTAGACTTGA 5’3’ CTAGTAACTG 5’ 3’ DNA Helicase G C T A A T T DNA Polymerase 1.DNA Helicase unwinds DNA double helix 2.DNA Polymerase reads DNA from 3’ to 5’ 3. DNA polymerase adds complimentary base pairs to each strand CTATG DNA Polymerase Old Strand New Strand 3’ New Strand Old Strand 5’

DNA Replication Review: 1.DNA helicase unzips the double helix 2.DNA polymerase adds complimentary base pairs to split up strands from 5’ to 3’

CTAGACTTGA CTAGTAACTG 5’ 3’ 5’3’ CTAGACTTGA 5’3’ CTAGTAACTG 5’ 3’ Old Strand New Strand Both new DNAs are identical and made of one of the original DNA strands and a new strand that the DNA polymerase made. This is called semi-conservative.