Transcription Notes. Transcription Information in DNA is used to make proteins (specifically in the bases – A, T, G or C)Information in DNA is used to.

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

MOLECULAR GENETICS. DNA- deoxyribonucleic acid James Watson and Francis Crick discover the structure of the DNA molecule DNA is a double helix (twisted.

Advertisements

Transcription Using DNA to make RNA. The “Big Picture” Goal Use DNA to make protein ▫Step 1: Replicate the DNA ▫Step 2: Transcribe DNA into RNA ▫Step.

Transcription. Central Dogma of Biology Information flows from DNA  RNA  Proteins Think of it as exchanging money in a different country: proteins cannot.

Nucleic Acids DNA vs. RNA

The Central Dogma States: information flows in one direction from DNA to RNA to proteins. Includes 3 processes: RNA is the link between DNA and proteins.

DNA Basics. The Structure of DNA A VERY long polymer of repeating units called nucleotides A VERY long polymer of repeating units called nucleotides Double-stranded.

9.1 Transcription. Central Dogma DNARNAPROTEIN TranscriptionTranslation.

Q2 WK8 D3 & 4. How does DNA’s message travel OUT of the nucleus and INTO THE CELL, where the message gets expressed as a protein??? This is known as…

RNA Use this power point to help you complete notes for interactive notebook.

Watson and Crick Watson and Crick studied the work of others to determine the structure of DNA Figured that it is a “Double Helix”: –Twisted ladder.

Section 11-2 From DNA to Proteins.  Enzymes control all the chemical reactions of an organism  Thus, by encoding the instructions form making proteins,

DNA and now RNA DNA is deoxyriboneucleic acid. RNA is ribonucleic acid.

End Show Slide 1 of 39 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 12-3 RNA and Protein Synthesis RNA and Protein Synthesis.

Mrs. Degl Molecular Genetics DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is the hereditary material in humans and almost all other organisms. Nearly every cell in a.

RNA & Protein Synthesis.

DNA, RNA, and DNA Replication

DNA Chapter 12. DNA DeoxyriboNucleic Acid Sugar = deoxyribose Adenine + Thymine Guanine + Cytosine Double-stranded helix with alternating sugars and phosphate.

RNA and Transcription DNA RNA PROTEIN. RNA and Transcription.

National 5 Biology Course Notes Part 4 : DNA and production of

DNA Replication.  Replication = DNA copies itself exactly (Occurs within the nucleus) (Occurs within the nucleus)  Any mistake in copying = mutation.

DNA DNA→RNA→Protein.

D.N.A. DeoxyriboNucleic Acid

DNA Replication Section 12-2 in Textbook. ANIMAL CELL.

Structure, replication, transcription.  DNA is composed of nucleotides- which contain a phosphate group, a sugar (deoxyribose), and a nitrogen containing.

Chapter From DNA to Protein.

DNA Replication Notes. Why must DNA replicate? Cells will divide to make more cells and there must be a full copy of DNA in each cellCells will divide.

DNA RNA DNA Replication & Transcription Translation.

8.4 Transcription KEY CONCEPT – DNA directs the synthesis of proteins through three steps (Replication, Transcription, & Translation) Transcription is.

RNARNA. PROTEIN SYNTHESIS The BIG Picture……. Objective: By the end of class today students will be able to change a DNA sequence into an PROTIEN sequence.

DNA Replication.  Replication = DNA copies itself exactly (Occurs within the nucleus) (Occurs within the nucleus)  Any mistake in copying = mutation.

DNA, mRNA, and Protein Synthesis TAKS Review for April 22 test.

DNA How are cells structured to do the “right” thing?

DNA RNA & Proteins. James Watson & Francis Crick and Their DNA Model.

The student is expected to: 4B investigate and explain cellular processes, including homeostasis, energy conversions, transport of molecules, and synthesis.

8.4 Transcription KEY CONCEPT Transcription converts a gene into a single-stranded RNA molecule.

BELLRINGER Put this in the second box of your Bellringer Page 1.What does “replicate” mean? 2.What is the end result of DNA replication? 3.Why.

Transcription Objectives: Trace the path of protein synthesis.

RNA Structure and Function. Another Nucleic Acid?? Meet RNA  Monomer: Polymer:  What are some differences between DNA and RNA?

Chapter 15: Protein Synthesis

Nucleic Acids DNA, RNA, ATP. DNA – Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid Function: Codes for genetic material/instructions Production: Located on chromosomes in the.

RNA  Structure Differences:  1. Instead of being double stranded, RNA is a single stranded molecule. (ss)  2. The sugar in RNA is ribose. It has one.

From DNA to RNA Biology. Do you remember what proteins are made of ? Hundreds of Amino Acids link together to make one Protein There are 20 types of amino.

Do you know what this is?. DNA Stands for Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid It is a long molecule called a polymer Shape: double helix.

DNA, RNA, and Transcription. What is DNA? Deoxyribonucleic acid n.a. that stores and transmits genetic information from one generation to the next Made.

DNA and Replication. Nucleic Acids: Nucleic acids are made of smaller units called nucleotides. –Each nucleotide has 3 main parts: Phosphate group Sugar.

DNA, RNA, and Protein Synthesis

RNA carries DNA’s instructions. The central dogma states that information flows in one direction from DNA to RNA to proteins. The central dogma includes.

What is RNA, anyways? How is it different than DNA?

What is the ultimate job of the cell?. TO MAKE PROTEINS!

DNA Structure Review and DNA Replication. Warm-Up – 5 minutes 1)What are the 3 parts of a nucleotide? 2)Which part of the nucleotide is the “genetic code?”

What is a genome? The complete set of genetic instructions (DNA sequence) of a species.

RNA Ribonucleic Acid Single-stranded

(3) Gene Expression Gene Expression (A) What is Gene Expression?

Structure and Role of DNA

12.3 KEY CONCEPT Transcription converts DNA into a single-stranded RNA molecule. DNA can not leave nucleus..RNA CAN!

Analyze the molecular basis of heredity including DNA replication.

Nucleic Acids Made of Nucleotides

Why do we use mice to conduct medical experiments?

Concept: Explain Transcription Using Models of DNA and RNA

DNA and Genes Chapter 11.

RNA and Transcription DNA RNA PROTEIN.

DNA Replication.

Phenomenon: DNA is the code to life

DNA Replication Notes.

Making Proteins Transcription Translation.

Transcription Using DNA to make RNA.

Warm-up: DNA What does DNA stand for? Where do we find DNA?

KEY CONCEPT Transcription is the process of converting the DNA’s code for one gene into an RNA strand.

Unit 3: Genetics Part 1: Genetic Informaiton

Presentation transcript:

Transcription Notes

Transcription Information in DNA is used to make proteins (specifically in the bases – A, T, G or C)Information in DNA is used to make proteins (specifically in the bases – A, T, G or C) DNA is found in the nucleusDNA is found in the nucleus Proteins are made in the ribosomesProteins are made in the ribosomes DNA is double-stranded and is too big to leave the nucleusDNA is double-stranded and is too big to leave the nucleus

How does the information on DNA get to the ribosomes? This is where RNA comes in:This is where RNA comes in: RNA = Ribonucleic acidRNA = Ribonucleic acid RNA is single-stranded, so it is smaller and can fit out of the nucleusRNA is single-stranded, so it is smaller and can fit out of the nucleus DNA’s information is copied onto mRNA (messenger RNA) and mRNA takes the message to the ribosome to make proteinsDNA’s information is copied onto mRNA (messenger RNA) and mRNA takes the message to the ribosome to make proteins

Definition of Transcription The process of copying DNA onto mRNA in order to get the information from the nucleus to the ribosomes to make proteinsThe process of copying DNA onto mRNA in order to get the information from the nucleus to the ribosomes to make proteins

Picture of Transcription Ribosomes Cell Membrane Nucleus mRNA DNA

RNA VS. DNA Single – StrandedSingle – Stranded Sugar – RiboseSugar – Ribose 4 Bases:4 Bases: –Adenine (A) –Guanine (G) –Cytosine (C) –Uracil (U) Double – Stranded Sugar – Deoxyribose 4 Bases: Adenine (A) Guanine (G) Cytosine (C) Thymine (T)

How is information copied onto mRNA? This process is similar to replicationThis process is similar to replication RNA Complementary Base Pairs are a little different than DNA Base PairsRNA Complementary Base Pairs are a little different than DNA Base Pairs – G – C – A – U (instead of T)

Steps of Transcription Step 1:Step 1: DNA must unwind and unzip.DNA must unwind and unzip. The weak Hydrogen bonds that hold the DNA strand together in the middle are broken by an enzyme.The weak Hydrogen bonds that hold the DNA strand together in the middle are broken by an enzyme.

Steps of Transcription Step 1 (Picture):Step 1 (Picture): A - T A - T T - A T - A C - G Enzyme unzips C - G Enzyme unzips G C DNA at the G C DNA at the A T WEAK A T WEAK G C hydrogen bonds G C hydrogen bonds G C G C

Steps of Transcription Step #2:Step #2: The DNA strand pulls apart and free RNA nucleotides (that are floating around in the nucleus) begin to pair up with their complementary nucleotide on ONE side of the DNA strand with the help of an enzyme.The DNA strand pulls apart and free RNA nucleotides (that are floating around in the nucleus) begin to pair up with their complementary nucleotide on ONE side of the DNA strand with the help of an enzyme.

Steps of Transcription Step #2 (Picture):Step #2 (Picture): A A - T Free RNA A A - T Free RNA T U - A nucleotides T U - A nucleotides C C - G floating in C C - G floating in G G - C the nucleus G G - C the nucleus A A - T A A - T G C G C DNA mRNA DNA DNA mRNA DNA U G G U A A C

Steps of Transcription Step #3:Step #3: After copying the desired section of DNA, the mRNA separates from the DNA strandAfter copying the desired section of DNA, the mRNA separates from the DNA strand The mRNA (which is single- stranded) now leaves the nucleus and goes to the ribosomes to make proteinsThe mRNA (which is single- stranded) now leaves the nucleus and goes to the ribosomes to make proteins

Steps of Transcription Step #3: (Picture)Step #3: (Picture) A U C mRNA single-stranded C mRNA single-stranded G A G G

Steps of Transcription Step #4:Step #4: The original DNA zips back together and stays in the nucleusThe original DNA zips back together and stays in the nucleus

Steps of Transcription Step #4 (Picture):Step #4 (Picture): A - T A - T T – A T – A C – G Original DNA strand G – C A - T G – C G – C G - C G - C

Transcription Animations nnini/flashanimat/molgenetics/tr anscription.swfhttp:// nnini/flashanimat/molgenetics/tr anscription.swfhttp:// nnini/flashanimat/molgenetics/tr anscription.swfhttp:// nnini/flashanimat/molgenetics/tr anscription.swf class.unl.edu/biochem/gp2/m_bio logy/animation/gene/gene_a2.ht mlhttp://www- class.unl.edu/biochem/gp2/m_bio logy/animation/gene/gene_a2.ht mlhttp://www- class.unl.edu/biochem/gp2/m_bio logy/animation/gene/gene_a2.ht mlhttp://www- class.unl.edu/biochem/gp2/m_bio logy/animation/gene/gene_a2.ht ml

Transcription Simulation Transcription Simulation Make sure Biological Simulations CD is in the drive