1 Foundations of American Education, Fifth Edition L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.

2 Chapter 9 Responding to Diversity PowerPoint Presentation L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.

3 Diversity and Culture multiculturalism diversity culture –macroculture –microculture assimilation multicultural education enculturation L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.

4 Culture –Language, symbols, and artifacts –Customs, practices, and means of interaction –Shared values, beliefs, norms, and expectations L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.

5 Cultural Influences on Teaching, Learning, and Behavior Culture influences these aspects of the teaching and learning process: –gender roles –selection of curricula –teaching styles –motivational strategies –assumptions about students L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.

6 Cultural Influences on Teaching, Learning, and Behavior (continued) outside view of teaching profession appropriate role of government purpose of schooling L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.

7 Cultural Influences on Teaching, Learning, and Behavior (continued) cognitive styles and cultural dissonance –field independent –field dependent L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.

8 Culturally Relevant Teaching Cultural-Content Experiences –knowledge –events –values –role models –community perspectives and issues L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.

9 Culturally Relevant Teaching (continued) Cultural Context –behaviors –patterns of interaction –historical experiences –underlying expectations –values of students L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.

10 Strategies for Teaching Culturally Diverse Students emphasize verbal interactions teach students to use self-talk facilitate divergent thinking use small-group instruction and cooperative learning employ verve focus on real-world tasks promote teacher-student interactions L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.

11 Multicultural Education content integration knowledge construction process prejudice reduction equity pedagogy empowering school culture and social structure L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.

12 Approaches to Multicultural Education teaching the exceptional and culturally different students human relations single group studies inclusive multicultural education educational multiculturalism and social reconstructionism L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.

13 The Multicultural Education Debate Multicultural education critics say it: –is costly and unnecessary –threatens national unity –does not raise achievement –loses sight of a European tradition L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.

14 Supporting English Language Learners Goals of Title III (No Child Left Behind Act of 2001) –English proficiency for all students –changes the focus from bilingual education to English as a Second Language –to meet state academic achievement targets L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.

15 Services to Immigrant Children and Youth family literacy, outreach, and training tutorials, mentoring, career counseling identification and acquisition of curriculum materials, software, and technology personnel support basic instructional services L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.

16 Compensatory Education for Disadvantaged Students Program Types early Head Start early childhood readiness programs for primary students programs for secondary students enrichment programs L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.

17 Compensatory Education for Disadvantaged Students (continued) Program types (continued) students with disabilities bilingual education and ESL programs for migrant students psychological and social services Education for Homeless Children and Youth program L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.

18 Creating Equal Educational Opportunities for Students With Disabilities The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act Right to a free and appropriate education; identification and nondiscriminatory evaluation; Individualized education program (IEP); least restrictive environment; procedural due process. L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.

19 Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act Schools must: prevent discrimination remove physical barriers remove programmatic barriers make reasonable accommodations L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.

20 Promoting Gender Equity Differences in the educational experiences of boys and girls remain a reality. L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.

21 Strategies for Achieving Gender Equity eliminate inequitable practices resist gender-role stereotyping ensure that curriculum materials are free of gender bias be sensitive to gender issues L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.

22 Strategies for Achieving Gender Equity (continued) provide gender-neutral affirmation of skills and abilities use positive instructional strategies use strategies that recognize diverse and multiple learning styles ensure accurate testing of abilities provide training in how to prevent sexual harassment L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.