© 2013 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 1 Chapter 4 States of Consciousness

© 2013 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 2 Consciousness William James (1950) described the mind as a stream of consciousness, a continuous flow of changing sensations, images, thoughts, and feelings. Awareness of external events and internal sensations Metacognition - Thinking about your thoughts Involves cerebral cortex - Association areas & frontal lobes

© 2013 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 3 Consciousness Arousal Physiological state of being engaged with the environment Determined by reticular activating system

© 2013 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 4 Consciousness and the Brain Awareness and arousal, are associated with different parts of the brain Areas of the prefrontal cortex appear to be involved in the ways that awareness goes beyond the input of sensory information Arousal is determined by the reticular activating system HgUs (56min) HgUs

© 2013 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 5 Theory of Mind Individuals’ understanding that they and others think, feel, perceive, and have private experiences

© 2013 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 6 Levels of Awareness Higher-level consciousness Lower-level consciousness Altered states of consciousness Subconscious awareness No awareness

© 2013 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 7 Figure 4.1 – Levels of Awareness

© 2013 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 8 Part II - Hypnosis & Meditation

© 2013 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 9 Hypnosis Altered state of consciousness Psychological state of altered attention/expectation Nature of hypnosis: The four steps Minimizing distractions, maximizing comfort Concentration on something specific Information about what to expect in hypnotic state Suggestion of events or feelings already occurring

© 2013 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 10 Explaining Hypnosis Hypnosis as a divided state of consciousness “Hidden Observer” Social cognitive behavior view of hypnosis Cognitive factors Attitudes Expectations Beliefs Social Context

© 2013 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 11 Uses of Hypnosis To dampen brain processes experimentally Helps in understanding: The effects of hypnosis The brain’s functioning Most effective when combined with psychotherapy

© 2013 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 12 Meditation Attaining peaceful state of mind Mindfulness meditation For depression, panic attacks, and anxiety For chronic pain, stress, psoriasis Meditative state of mind Hypnogogic reverie  Feeling of wellness Increased activation in basal ganglia and prefrontal cortex Decreases in anterior cingulate

© 2013 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 13 Meditation The Meditative State of Mind Meditation shows both the qualities of sleep and of wakefulness, but it is distinct from each of them. It is kind of like the feeling that everything is going to be okay. Researchers have found out that a meditative state causes an increase in the basal ganglia and prefrontal cortex (activated during consciousness) While a decrease in the anterior cingulated (associated with acts of will).

© 2013 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 14 Meditation Meditation & Hypnosis video K-ek K-ek Guided Meditations MF-Y MF-Y dbg dbg