CoAX – Coalition TIE Technology Integration Experiment AFRL Rome, AIAI, Boeing, Dartmouth, DERA Malvern, Lockheed Martin ATL, Michigan, OBJS, USC/ISI, UWF/IHMC Support from BBN, GITI, ISX, MITRE, MIT Sloan, Schafer, Stanford Coalition Agents eXperiment (CoAX) DARPA

CoAX/Briefing - 2 CoAX Briefing Outline u Aims and Contributions u Demonstration u Next Steps and Summary

CoAX/Briefing - 3 CoAX Context u Increasing military requirements for coalition operations u Belief that agent computational model is a good fit to meet coalition interoperability requirements u US and UK Agent Research Programmes u US DARPA Control of Agent Based Systems (CoABS) u UK DERA Agents Project u Need for “middleware” such as is provided by CoABS Grid Infrastructure

CoAX/Briefing - 4 CoAX Aim of Coalition TIE u To address unique aspects of coalition operations through the development and evaluation of: u agent domain management services u agent task, process and event management services u Aim will be met through delivery of: u Phased technical demonstrations of increasing complexity u Connection of a variety of diverse agent systems u Development of generic Coalition-oriented grid services u Requirements: u Use of a wide variety of different agent systems u Use of existing military (non-agent) applications

CoAX/Briefing - 5 CoAX Key Coalition Drivers u Different cultures, doctrines, and languages: u Different doctrine, decision making, rules of engagement and, in general, mission “agendas” u Command authorities - agreement and transfers u Different interpretation of situational information u Incompatibility of respective national information systems: u Different technology skill and equipment levels u Lack of information systems resource sharing agreements u Variable reliability of components and infrastructures u Lack of compatible security architectures u Need for rapid configuration and reconfiguration by personnel with limited training u Limited models for coalition force operations Derived from LeRoy Pearce (Canadian MOD), 1999

CoAX/Briefing - 6 CoAX Key Technical Drivers u Cannot assume interoperability, reliability or availability of different nations systems u Need for partial (secure) sharing and visualization of processes, data and facilities u Need to work with agents in multiple dynamically determined domains u Need for flexible inter-agent task, process & event management u Need for rapid formation, management and change of agent relationships

CoAX/Briefing - 7 CoAX CoAX Components DARPA CoABS Grid (GITI, ISX) Agent Frameworks KAoS Agents (Boeing, IHMC) NOMADS Mobile Agents (IHMC) EMAA/CAST Agents (LM-ATL) D’Agents (Dartmouth) eGents (OBJS) Agent Grid Services Task and Process Management (AIAI) Domain Management Services (IHMC, Boeing) Asynchronous Wireless Connectivity (OBJS) Plan Deconfliction (Michigan) Military Systems CAMPS (AFRL,GITI, BBN) MBP (DERA) … Agents on the Grid AODB Agent (LM-ATL) Observer Agents (Dartmouth) eGents Agents (OBJS) Malicious Agents (IHMC) Web Weather Agent (USC/ISI) …

CoAX/Briefing - 8 CoAX Agent Domain Management in CoAX u Broadens typical distributed security concerns to include: u Access management: Who can access what services? u Registration management: Who can join the domain under what circumstances? u Resource management: Who can have which kind and how much of a given computing resource? u Mobility management: What constraints should be placed on mobile code? u Communication management: What constraints govern interaction between conversing agents? u Obligation management: Are agents meeting their commitments? Initial capability shown in 9-month demo Initial Capability slated for 18-month demo Initial capability slated for 30-month demo

CoAX/Briefing - 9 CoAX Task, Process, and Event Management in CoAX u Initially maintains an overview of the current status of the coalition C2 processes in accessible shared military terms. u Can take on and address “issues” in the C2 process. u Later adds the ability to monitor, plan and control the coalition C2 processes and deal with events arising from execution. u Links to and assists with domain management, authority, exception management and other Grid management services. u To be packaged as generic task and process management facilities that can be made available to other Grid applications. Initial capability shown in 9-month demo Initial Capability slated for 18-month demo Initial capability slated for 30-month demo

CoAX/Briefing - 10 CoAX Demo Overview u u Focus on information-gathering phase of a Coalition Operation u u First interoperation of agent-wrapped legacy and existing US and UK systems (AFRL/BBN/GITI CAMPS and DERA MBP) u u Agents and domains u u 6 agent domains and ~25 agents u u USC/ISI Ariadne agent providing publicly-available weather info u u Initial AIAI Process Panel u u Domain management functionality u u Malicious observer agent thwarted by IHMC KAoS domain management and NOMADS resource control mechanisms u u IHMC KAoS Policy Administration Tool (KPAT) administering communication, registration, and resource policies u u Stand-alone demonstrations: u u MIT exception handling u u U. Michigan plan deconfliction u u Dartmouth ‘observer agents’ u u OBJS eGents

CoAX/Briefing - 11 CoAX Briefing Outline u Aims and Contributions u Demonstration u Next Steps and Summary

CoAX/Briefing - 12 CoAX Other Nation's 'Domain' US Country 'Domain' UK Country 'Domain' JFAC HQ's Organizational 'Domain' JTFHQ's Organizational 'Domain' Tactical Air Operations Functional 'Domain' Coalition Domain Types

CoAX/Briefing - 13 CoAX JFAC HQ Gao Intel US JTF HQ Observers (Intel) Gao Obs. NOMADS Guarded “Observers” Current Demo Agents and Domains AODB LM-ATL Weather Ariadne CAMPS ALDB Db ii Db i MBP Intel1 Intel2 DM2 MM2 DM1 MM1 DM4 MM4 AODB PP' DM3 MM3 DM5 MM5 DAO GAO WeatherViz AL Plan

CoAX/Briefing - 14 CoAX Binni - Gateway to the Golden Bowl of Africa Rathmell, R.A. (1999) A Coalition Force Scenario 'Binni - Gateway to the Golden Bowl of Africa', In Proceedings of the International Workshop on Knowledge-Based Planning for Coalition Forces, (ed. Tate, A.) pp , Edinburgh, Scotland, 10th-11th May Cape Vincent Cape Amstado Caca Kaso Lagoon Amisa Jacal Pra Ankobra Tana Ofin Afram Daka Black Caca Kapowa White Caca Mawli

WE N S Cape Vincent Cape Amstado Caca Kaso Lagoon Amisa Jacal Pra Ankobra Tana Ofin Afram Daka Black Caca Kapowa White Caca Mawli LAKE CACA Gao forces Agadez forces Forces separated by Firestorm FIRESTORM AGADEZ GAO Binni

CoAX/Briefing - 16 CoAX Binni Coalition - C2 Structure and Commanders' Responsibilities Other Components: LOGISTICS, MARINES, SF etc NGOs UN UN Secretary General UN SRSG JOINT TASK FORCE HQ (JTF HQ) Staffs: J Nat'l Reps Joint Task Force Commander JTFC Coalition Air Units Joint Force Air Component Commander (JFACC in JFAC HQ) Staffs: A Nat'l Reps JFACC Coalition Land Units Joint Force Land Component Commander (JFLCC in JFLC HQ) Staffs: G Nat'l Reps JFLCC Coalition Maritime Units Joint Force Maritime Component Commander (JFMCC in JFMC HQ) Staffs: N Nat'l Reps JFMCC GRAND STRATEGIC MILITARY STRATEGIC OPERATIONAL TACTICAL HOME BASE THEATRE National Grand Strategic Joint HQs Nat'l Pers- onnel Nat'l Pers- onnel Nat'l Pers- onnel GOVERNMENTS OGDs US GAO

W E N S Cape Vincent Cape Amstado Caca Kaso Lagoon Amisa Jacal Pra Ankobra Tana Ofin Afram Daka Black Caca Kapowa White Caca Mawli LAKE CACA            EASTERN REGION AGADEZ Zingato SIKASSO COSTA DEL MARIA LAKI BANDAR UGWULU UPPER REGION WESTERN REGION CACA REGION NORTHERN REGION CACA REGION ASHANTI REGION CENTRAL REGION BANDAR REGION AGADEZ GAO Kwanabouri Gambaga 268 Masembi Gambaga Escarpment Higgville Libar Zatu To Cunmege To Tifillo Dinga Anala Akwapim-Gao Range Kwahu Plateau To Pample To Segumbo Kamongo Jinja Brongo Laval Biloo Sagiba Bave Gamba Kolla Antok Grandville Hakkali To Cecil Dado Minga Kaso Nanga Caca Dam Esuko Blackman Laponga Zaribe Bonrope Tonka 775 Atewa Ranga Saltpond Achobo Adaido Diplombo Elmina Wonka Deanville Sonara Sandosta Komenda Gonobo Grandvache Polia Jamestown Slabo Donga Anguiba Kutchi Akimbo Sago- town Wazilla Suthertown Bisa Wampimba Belucar Salisbury Bisha St Andrews Sellerham Kingtown To Petit Paris To Escallope Lissa Libretto Slafito Langford To Falo Asoba Nedalla Epidurango Aida To Harra Laki Safari Park Caca Gorge Binni Red Sea Gao forces Agadez Forces False Agadez forces FIRESTORM

CoAX/Briefing - 18 CoAX JFAC HQ Gao Intel US JTF HQ Observers (Intel) Gao Obs. NOMADS Guarded “Observers” Observers Domain Structure MM DAO GAO DM

CoAX/Briefing - 19 CoAX Briefing Outline u Aims and Contributions u Demonstration u Next Steps and Summary

CoAX/Briefing - 20 CoAX CoAX Demo Emphasis Initial Planning Political aims Military guidance Campaign planning Commander's intent Deployment Recovery Conflict resolution Re-deployment Peace support Execution Variable Organizations An opponent Campaign re-planning Short-notice taskings Operation execution Execution monitoring Reporting / feedback Outcome assessment More Linear Is the focus of the current demo Dynamic / iterative uncertain Is the focus of the CoAX 18-month demo CoAX 30-month demo Covers all the above, plus greater levels of dynamic response and adaptation to changes in Coalition structures, capabilities and services.

CoAX/Briefing - 21 CoAX 18-Month (July 2001) Demonstration Plan u u More realism in coalition structures u u All CoAX members integrated (9 domains and ~35 agents) u u Coalition agents playing multiple roles in different domains u u New policies provide additional robustness and responsiveness u u Added functionality in process and task management u u Increased scope of Binni scenario demonstration u u Richer information gathering phase u u Extend scope to execution phase with agent systems responding dynamically to events u u Incorporating coalition functionality becomes easier u u Package selected domain management functionality as KAoS grid helper

CoAX/Briefing - 22 CoAX Coalition JFAC HQ Gao Intel US Observers (Intel) UK Shared Met. 18-Month (July 2001) Demo Structure Gao Obs. AODB LM-ATL Weather Ariadne CAMPS ALDB Db ii Db i MBP Intel1 Intel2 DM2 MM2 DM1 MM1 DM4 MM4 AODB DM8 MM8 DM5 MM5 DGO DAO GAO DM6 MM6 AL Plan Intel1a Intel3 DM7 MM7 Db iii DM3 MM3 WeatherViz DM9 MM9 PP EH IM Plan Dec.

CoAX/Briefing - 23 CoAX 30-Month (July 2002) Demonstration Plan u u Dynamic “come as you are” coalition formation u u Dynamic creation of ‘virtual coalition organization’ u u Agents and domains added to coalition structure ‘on-the-fly’ u u Dynamic coalition tasks and processes u u Tailored visualizations u u Tools to improve human / software agent interaction u u High-level tools usable without specialized training u u Packaged task, process, and event management capabilities as generic Grid services

CoAX/Briefing - 24 CoAX CoAX Message u Operational Message u Interoperability of different nations’ systems u Agility and robustness u Support to coalition and “virtual” organizations u Technical Message u Agents as an appropriate paradigm to facilitate interoperability of disparate systems u Middleware of CoABS Grid is valuable for rapid configuration u Utility of domain management and task/process management services

CoAX/Briefing - 25 CoAX Further Information and Involvement u CoAX and Binni documentation available u 100+ page ‘living document’ describing CoAX contributions and Binni ‘FLASH’ scenario u u We encourage further participation… u In addressing key coalition and technical drivers u In seeking operational opportunities u In seeking inter-program links u In future demonstrations

DARPA Object Services and Consulting, Inc.

CoAX/Briefing - 28 CoAX Spare Slides u Demonstration Schedule u Coalition domains slide with final overlay to show the way in which a single person might span a variety of organizational, country and functional domains u Further summarization slide

CoAX/Briefing - 29 CoAX Demonstration Schedule u u 1-month demo in February 2000: showing direct connection between DERA MBP and LM-ATL AODB u u 9-month demo in October 2000: u u Brief the CoAX TIE and Binni scenario u u Show integration of selected CoAX components u u Show that selected components interoperate in a Binni-based scenario u u Tell a relevant “story” about agents for information gathering phase u u Additional stand-alone demos of other components u u 18-month demo in July 2001: showing full integration of CoAX components in a rich coalition scenario: u u Expanded scope to cover execution phase u u Focal point to engage other nations and research teams u u 30-month demo in July 2002: showing dynamic aspects of domain management and tasking

CoAX/Briefing - 30 CoAX Other Nation's 'Domain' US Country 'Domain' UK Country 'Domain' JFAC HQ's Organizational 'Domain' JTFHQ's Organizational 'Domain' Tactical Air Operations Functional 'Domain' Coalition Domain Types JTFC's (from the UK) Individual 'Domain'

CoAX/Briefing - 31 CoAX Summary u Coalition operations is a matter of high concern for the military and a great proving ground for agent research u Binni provides mature rich source of realistic scenario data u Actual military tools used in true cross-national collaboration—hope to expand to additional nations in the future u Seventeen partners cooperating in phased technical integration demonstrators u CoABS Grid provided necessary interoperability u Significant new research issues being addressed of both theoretical and practical significance