1960s Politics and Foreign Policy A

GREAT SOCIETY Domestic political developments in the 60s

GUIDING QUESTION In what ways did the Great Society resemble the New Deal?  origins,  goals, and  social and political legacy?

KENNEDY’S “NEW FRONTIER”  1960 Election  John F. Kennedy – hurdles  televised presidential debates  New Frontier details/1960_kennedy- nixon_1 Presidential Election of 1960

Kennedy & “Camelot” John F. Kennedy in oval office with son The Kennedy Family and Family Dogs, 14 August 1963, Hyannis Port, Massachusetts President and Mrs. Kennedy, 20 January 1962, Washington, D.C., President and Mrs. Kennedy, 20 January 1962, Washington, D.C.,

KENNEDY’S “NEW FRONTIER”  Kennedy Assassination (Nov. 1963)  Lee Harvey Oswald  Warren Commission Report

Lee Harvey Oswald

LBJ Takes the Oath of Office

JOHNSON’S GREAT SOCIETY  Lyndon B. Johnson  Election of 1964  Senator Barry Goldwater Lyndon B. Johnson Lyndon Johnson’s campaign against Barry Goldwater, 1964

JOHNSON’S GREAT SOCIETY  The Great Society  Medicare  Medicaid  community action  Office of Economic Opportunity (OEO)  Head Start  Food Stamps  Elementary and Secondary Education Act 1965  Immigration Act of 1965 LBJ signing Medicare Bill, July 30, 1965

FOREIGN AFFAIRS

GUIDING QUESTION Analyze the success of the Cold War policy of containment during the period in Latin America, Europe & Southeast Asia? How did the war in Vietnam affect American society and its beliefs?

FOREIGN AFFAIRS IN THE 1960s: CONTAINMENT LEADS TO VIETNAM  Kennedy - new elements in defense and foreign policy  “missile gap”  Peace Corps

FOREIGN AFFAIRS in the 1960s: CONTAINMENT LEADS TO VIETNAM  Bay of Pigs Castro & Krushchev, UN Nov 1960

FOREIGN AFFAIRS in the 1960s: CONTAINMENT LEADS TO VIETNAM  Nikita Khrushchev  Berlin Wall Soviet and American tanks face off. "Checkpoint Charlie," August 1961 Berlin Wall Goes Up, August 1961

Kennedy in West Berlin, 1963 JFK addresses the people of Berlin, June 26, 1963 “Ich bin ein Berliner”

FOREIGN AFFAIRS in the 1960s: CONTAINMENT LEADS TO VIETNAM  Cuban Missile Crisis  Nikita Khruschev  Leonid Brezhnev

Soviet missile installations in Cuba

Vietnam War

FOREIGN AFFAIRS: CONTAINMENT LEADS TO VIETNAM  First Indochina War ( )  Vietminh  Ho Chi Minh  Dien Bien Phu (1954)  Geneva Conference (1954)  Ngo Dinh Diem  National Liberation Front (NLF)  Viet Cong  Second Indochina War – Vietnam War ( )  domino theory Pres. Eisenhower & Diem, 1957 Ho Chi Minh, 1946

FOREIGN AFFAIRS: CONTAINMENT LEADS TO VIETNAM  Buddhist demonstrations  Assassination of Diem (Dec 1963) Self-Immolation of Buddhist Monk, June 11, 1963

FOREIGN AFFAIRS: CONTAINMENT LEADS TO VIETNAM  Gulf of Tonkin Incident  Gulf of Tonkin Resolution

FOREIGN AFFAIRS: CONTAINMENT LEADS TO VIETNAM  Gulf of Tonkin Resolution  Congress charged that the North Vietnamese had deliberately and repeatedly attacked US naval vessels operating lawfully in international waters  this was part of systematic campaign of aggression being waged by North Vietnam against its neighbors.  Congress gave the president sweeping powers to “take all necessary steps, including the use of armed force, to assist any member or protocol state of the Southeast Asia Collective Treaty requesting assistance in defense of its freedom.”  The resolution was to expire when the president had determined that “the peace and security of the area is reasonably assured."

Helicopter deploying American troops in the Vietnam War

American soldiers on a search and destroy mission, 1967

American soldiers on patrol in Vietnam

Logistics in a Guerrilla War

FOREIGN AFFAIRS: CONTAINMENT LEADS TO VIETNAM  LBJ  “quagmire”  Robert McNamara  Gen. William Westmoreland  Ho Chi Minh Trail  “pacification program”  “hearts and minds”  Tet Offensive (Jan 30-Feb. 1968)  My Lai (March 16, 1968)

Bodies of Viet Cong

Execution in Saigon 1968

My Lai Massacre, March 1968 Bodies on Roadside after My Lai Massacre

The War at Home

GUIDING QUESTION How did the war in Vietnam affect American society and its political and social beliefs?

C.FOREIGN AFFAIRS: CONTAINMENT LEADS TO VIETNAM  teach-ins  Deferments  Protests  draft resisters  ‘guns and butter”

University of California, Berkeley students during free speech sit in, 1964 University of California, Berkeley students during free speech sit in, 1964

Anti war protesters, 1967

Military police guard an entrance to the Pentagon during 1967 anti-war protest

Antiwar Demonstrators Burn Draft Cards on the Steps of the Pentagon, May 22, 1972

Anti-war demonstration at Pentagon Oct 1967

Anti-war movements

DEEP DIVISIONS AT HOME: Election of 1968  Eugene McCarthy  LBJ  Robert Kennedy  Hubert Humphrey  Democratic Convention - Chicago  Richard M. Nixon – “silent majority” Robert Kennedy Hubert H. Humphrey Richard Nixon President Johnson

Presidential Election of 1968

“TRAUMAS OF 1968”  January  March  April 5  July  August  November

Ending Vietnam

B. FOREIGN AFFAIRS IN A MULTI-POLAR WORLD  Henry Kissinger  “Vietnamization”  Cambodian invasion (1970)  Kent State University  Daniel Ellsberg  The Pentagon Papers  Paris Peace Accords (1973)  Fall of Saigon (April 1975) U.S. Troop and Casualty Levels in Vietnam

Evacuation from Saigon, April 29, 1975

 To what extent was 1968 a turning point for the United States, in terms of:  National politics,  Vietnam War,  Civil Rights

Space Program

Liftoff of Apollo 11, July 1969

Edwin Aldrin descends ladder on lunar module

MOON LANDING

First man on moon, July 1969

SPACE PROGRAM

Space shuttle Enterprise 1977