Electronic Imaging Fundamentals: ID of COFFEE BAGS “..any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic.” Arthur C. Clark SEPTEMBER 2008 Presented by Barry T. Fryer Dudley (MBA {IT}; MSc {Image Analysis}

Background: To blend coffee the right beans in the correct quantity should be added. Selection and counting by human inspectors prone to short and long term variations. Background: To blend coffee the right beans in the correct quantity should be added. Selection and counting by human inspectors prone to short and long term variations. An automated coffee bag inspection system using a camera is proposed.

Requirement: Provide image analysis technology linked to a camera to ID and count coffee bags. Requirement: Provide image analysis technology linked to a camera to ID and count coffee bags.

Why do Image Analysis? u Better Definition of Contrasting Areas u Improved Precision/Accuracy in Measurements u Reproducibility of Results u Higher Throughput than Manual Methods

A Wo rd About Our Eyes u Eyes are very good contrast adjusters, but not good for distinguishing subtle variations in color u Eyes can discern about 30 continuous levels of gray or color in a field of view u Eyes are not good judges of distance u Eyes cannot accurately reproduce measurements

Which is BIGGER / LONGER???

Electronic Imaging Fundamentals Acquire Process Identify Analyze Report

Arguably, the most important aspect of all u Proper setup of imaging apparatus is vital u Obtain maximum contrast and dynamic range u Reduce “noise” and other unwanted artifacts u Uniform lighting (light) u Product presentation (right way up) u Resolution & Colour (CCTV VS DIGITAL) Acquiring the Image

Slide 9www.I-Cube.co.za u Lens u Image sensor u Digitizing u Pre-processing u Timing u Interface u PLC u Cat-5e u Ethernet cable u up to 100 m u Local I/Os: - Trigger input - Results output u Illumination control u Image Processing In PC u Illumination u (Lens Iris u Video) u Power Acquire

Thresholding an Image u Select appropriate morphometric characteristics u Identify regions of interest to analyse u Mask regions u Colour u Size u Shape u Intensity

Slide 11www.I-Cube.co.za Product Review u Image Analysis SOFTWARE and HARDWARE would be used to ID and count the coffee bags passing the camera. u All bags passing the camera would be captured and compared to a database of known coffee bags. u Possible to have an audio and visual alarm on site or generated in the control room if bags either incorrect type or below or above the number required. u A report would be generated showing date, time, images etc.

SYSTEM DESIGN ItemPart NoQtyUnit PricePrice DVT 5151R 30, PSU1R Break out boxCON-IBOB1R 3, Ethernet CableCCB R 1, I/O CableCCB R 1, Lighting1R 12, Telecentric LensTC23461R 9, Measurement design, configuration and verification (per day)2R 7,500.00R 15, Commissioning on site (per day)3R 7,500.00R 22, TotalR 96,310.98

3 Payment Options Cost per transaction (no image received, no R 0.99 c per bag Fixed monthly cost (same price regardless of no. of bags counted) = R 3, Capital amount (no further R

Barry T. DUDLEY (MBA {IT}; MSc {Image Analysis}; BSc {Brewing}; BSc Hons {Waste Technology}) Cell: +27 (0) MADADENI PH +27 (0) Kloof Falls Rd Fax Kloof, Durban, Kwa-Zulu Natal, u “..any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic.” Arthur C. Clark Technical QUESTIONS: