Formation of compounds Chemical Bonding Formation of compounds

What happens when a piece of burning sodium is placed in a gas jar of chlorine? + sodium chloride

Sodium gives 1 electron to chlorine Before Bonding Na Cl sodium = 11 electrons : 2, 8, 1 chlorine = 17 electrons : 2, 8, 7 Sodium gives 1 electron to chlorine

Na+ = 2 , 8 Cl - = 2, 8, 8 Cl Na sodium ion 11 protons 10 electrons Charge + 1 Na+ = 2 , 8 chloride ion 17 protons 18 electrons Charge - 1 Cl - = 2, 8, 8

Chemical formula of sodium chloride is NaCl After Bonding Cl Na This type of bonding is known as ionic bonding because the metal atoms transfer electron(s) to non-metal atoms and ions are formed. Sodium atom loses an electron to form sodium ion Na + Chlorine atom gains an electron to form chloride ion Cl- Chemical formula of sodium chloride is NaCl

When metal meet non-metals, the sparks will fly “Give me the electrons When metal meet non-metals, the sparks will fly “Give me the electrons!” non-metal do cry “you got a deal!” the metal responds The ions attract to form their bonds.

Lithium + fluorine  lithium fluoride Before Bonding Li F lithium = 3 electrons : 2, 1 fluorine = 9 electrons : 2, 7 Lithium gives 1 electron to fluorine

Li+ = 2 F - = 2, 8 F Li lithium ion 3 protons 2 electrons Charge + 1 fluoride ion 9 protons 10 electrons Charge - 1 F - = 2, 8

Chemical formula of lithium fluoride is LiF After Bonding F Li Lithium atom loses an electron to form lithium ion Li + Fluorine atom gains an electron to form fluoride ion F- Chemical formula of lithium fluoride is LiF

What happens when a piece of magnesium is burnt in air? magnesium + oxygen  magnesium oxide

Magnesium gives 2 electrons to oxygen Before Bonding Mg O magnesium = 12 electrons : 2, 8, 2 oxygen = 8 electrons : 2, 6 Magnesium gives 2 electrons to oxygen

2+ 2- Mg 2+ = 2 , 8 O 2- = 2, 8 Mg O magnesium ion 12 protons 10 electrons Charge + 2 Mg 2+ = 2 , 8 oxide ion 8 protons 10 electrons Charge - 2 O 2- = 2, 8

Chemical formula of magnesium oxide is MgO After Bonding O Mg 2+ 2- Magnesium atoms lose 2 electrons to form magnesium ions Mg 2+ Oxygen atoms gain 2 electrons to form oxide ions O 2- Chemical formula of magnesium oxide is MgO

Cl Mg Cl Mg = 12 electrons: 2, 8, 2 Cl = 17 electrons : 2, 8, 7

2+ Cl Mg Cl Mg 2+ = 2 , 8 Cl - = 2 , 8, 8

Magnesium chloride is MgCl2 After Bonding Cl Mg 2+ 2 Magnesium lost 2 electrons to form magnesium ions Mg 2+ Each chlorine atom gained an electron to form chloride ions Cl – Magnesium chloride is MgCl2

Sodium oxide O Na O : 8 electrons : 2, 6 Na Na: 11 electrons : 2, 8, 1

2- O Na Na + = 2 , 8 O 2- = 2, 8 Na

2 2- Sodium oxide is Na2 O O Na After Bonding Na O 2- 2 Each sodium atom lost an electron to form sodium ions Na + An oxygen atom gained 2 electrons to form an oxide ion O 2- Sodium oxide is Na2 O

Potassium sulphide S K K S : 16 electrons : 2, 8, 6 K: 19 electrons : 2, 8, 8, 1

2- S K S 2- : 2, 8, 8 K+ : 2, 8, 8 K

Potassium sulphide is K2 S After Bonding K S 2- 2 Each potassium atom lost an electron to form potassium ions K + A sulphur atom gained 2 electrons to form sulphide ion S 2- Potassium sulphide is K2 S

Al = 13 electrons: 2, 8, 3 F Al F F F = 9 electrons : 2, 7

Al 3+ : 2, 8 F 3+ Al F F F- : 2, 8

Aluminium Fluoride is AlF3 After Bonding F Al 3+ 3 Aluminium atom lost 3 electrons to form aluminium ions Al 3+ Each fluorine atom gained an electrons to form fluoride ion F – Aluminium Fluoride is AlF3

Metals transfer electrons to non-metal forming ions Summary Li Na K Mg Ca Al F Cl O S Metals transfer electrons to non-metal forming ions

Predict the formulas for the following ionic compounds: Potassium bromide Lithium oxide Magnesium sulphide Sodium iodide Aluminium chloride Calcium fluoride KBr Li2O MgS NaI AlCl3 CaF2