Naming Compounds, cations and anions. Elements and symbols that you should know: Part 1 – The obvious ones: 1)Hydrogen 2)Helium 3)Lithium 4)Beryllium.

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Presentation transcript:

Naming Compounds, cations and anions

Elements and symbols that you should know: Part 1 – The obvious ones: 1)Hydrogen 2)Helium 3)Lithium 4)Beryllium 5)Boron 6)Carbon 7)Nitrogen 8)Oxygen 9)Fluorine 10)Neon 11)Magnesium 12)Aluminium 13)Silicon 14)Phosphorus H He Li Be B C N O F Ne Mg Al Si P

Some more obvious ones: 15)Sulphur 16)Chlorine 17)Argon 18) Calcium 19) Zinc The less obvious ones: 1)Sodium 2)Potassium 3)Iron 4)Copper 5)Silver 6) Tin 7) Gold 8) Mercury 9) Lead S Cl Ar Ca Zn Na K Fe Cu Ag Sn Au Hg Pb

Polyatomic ions (-1 charge) NO 3 1- Nitrate OH 1- Hydroxide

Polyatomic ions (-2 charge) SO 4 2- Sulfate CO 3 2- Carbonate

Polyatomic ions (-3 charge) PO 4 3- Phosphate

Rule 1– If two identical elements combine then the name doesn’t change This happens with the following elements: 1)H 2 2)N 2 3)O 2 4)F 2 5)Cl 2 6)Br 2 These elements always go around in pairs (diatomic molecules). For example, hydrogen looks like this:

Rule 2 – When two elements join and one is a halogen, oxygen or sulphur the name ends with ____ide e.g. Magnesium + oxygen magnesium oxide 1)Sodium + chlorine 2)Magnesium + fluorine 3)Lithium + iodine 4)Chlorine + copper 5)Oxygen + iron 6)KBr 7)LiCl 8)CaO 9)MgS 10)KF

Rule 3 – When three or more elements combine and two of them are hydrogen and oxygen the name ends with hydroxide e.g. Sodium + hydrogen + oxygen Sodium hydroxide 1)Potassium + hydrogen + oxygen 2)Lithium + hydrogen + oxygen 3)Calcium + hydrogen + oxygen 4)Mg(OH) 2

Rule 4 – When three or more elements combine and one of them is oxygen the ending is _____ate e.g. Copper + sulphur + oxygenCopper sulphate 1)Calcium + carbon + oxygen 2)Potassium + carbon + oxygen 3)Calcium + sulphur + oxygen 4)Magnesium + chlorine + oxygen 5)Calcium + oxygen + nitrogen 6)AgNO 3 7)H 2 SO 4 8)K 2 CO 3

Covalent formulaeIonic formulae H 2 O CO 2 NH 3 H 2 O 2 N 2 SO 2 Water Carbon dioxide Ammonia Hydrogen Oxygen Nitrogen Sulphur dioxide NaCl CaCl 2 MgO HCl H 2 SO 4 HNO 3 NaOH Ca(OH) 2 CaCO 3 Al 2 O 3 Fe 2 O 3 Sodium chloride Calcium chloride Magnesium oxide Hydrochloric acid Sulphuric acid Nitric acid Sodium hydroxide Calcium hydroxide Calcium carbonate Aluminium oxide Iron oxide