The Monroe Doctrine Designed to prevent foreign involvement in weakened Spanish western hemisphere Written and negotiated by Adams States that this hemisphere is off-limits to foreign intrusions Supported by Britain (why?)

New Democracy, JQA, Jackson, & Van Buren

I can account for the democratization of American politics in the early 19 th century. I can explain the rising sectionalism in the early 19 th century. I can evaluate the presidency of Andrew Jackson.

The New Democracy

Effects of the “New Democracy” New style of politician: More focused on “people” Less elite and less traditional More policies that favor the South and the West: infrastructure Indian removal

The Election of 1824 Candidates John Quincy Adams Henry Clay Andrew Jackson William Crawford Jackson wins the most popular votes (43% and electoral votes (38%); House will decide the winner

The Election in the House of Representatives of 1825

“The Corrupt Bargain” Three days before the House vote, JQA and Clay meet; Clay then endorses Adams for president Clay then becomes Secretary of State, “corrupt bargain” alleged; Jackson vows to overturn political system

The Adams Administration Problems as president: Lacked political skills Last of the aristocratic, elite presidents Unproductive, constantly opposed by Jackson’s supporters in the Congress Never accepted by many Americans as president

The Adams Administration 1828 Tariff (“Tariff of Abominations”): raised tariff on many items bought by southerners Opposed by VP John C. Calhoun of S. Carolina

The “Common Man’s” Presidential Candidate

Background of Jackson War Hero Creek Wars ( ) Battle of New Orleans (1815) Seminole Wars ( ) Champion of “the People” Congressman, Senator, and Governor of Tennessee Self-Made Millionaire

The Election of 1828 Rematch between Adams and Jackson One of the dirtiest elections in history The “Coffin Handbill”: accuses Jackson of committing murder during the War of 1812; also accuses him of murder during the acquisition of Florida

The Election of 1828 Accusations against Rachel Jackson of bigamy; true or not? Jackson never forgives Clay or Adams for not stopping attacks on his wife; her death impacts the way he governs as president

The Election of 1828

White House Inauguration, March, 1829

Jackson’s Faith in the “Common Man” 3I3I3I3Intense distrust of Eastern “establishment,” monopolies, & special privilege. 3H3H3H3His heart & soul was with the “plain folk.” 3B3B3B3Belief that the common man was capable of uncommon achievements.

Jackson as President Governs with emotion; often let passion get in the way of reason Loved by most, hated by many Nationalist, opposed sectionalism Expansive use of presidential power Made the presidency the center of government

Political Innovations The use of the veto: use for other than “constitutional” reasons The spoils system: rotating govt. jobs among supporters The “Kitchen Cabinet”: group of “advisors”, mostly wartime friends and Tennessee cronies

Jackson’s Use of Federal Power VETO 1830  Maysville Road project in KY [state of his political rival, Henry Clay]

The “Peggy Eaton Affair” Wife of Cabinet member John Eaton; supposed scandalous past led to gossip among wives of other Cabinet members

Fallout From the “Peggy Eaton Affair” Jackson demands apologies from Cabinet; all resign except Martin Van Buren Calhoun resigns as VP, returns as SC Senator Eatons leave Washington

The Nullification Crisis of 1832 Causes: The “Tariff of Abominations” Growing Sectionalism between North and South Political conflicts between Jackson and Calhoun

The Compromise Tariff of 1833 Possible military action against South Carolina Compromise tariff passed by Henry Clay Conflict avoided; impact upon 1832 election

1832 Election Clay vs. Jackson Rise of third parties: the Anti-Masonic Party Innovations: the platform the convention method of nominating candidates William Wirt

1832 Election Results Main Issues: Tariff and “King Andrew”

An 1832 Cartoon “King Andrew” An 1832 Cartoon “King Andrew”