5 Nutrition

2 –Healthy body needs good nutrition –Manner in which foods are used Diet –Malnutrition –Obesity

3 The Food Guide Pyramid

4 Carbohydrates Fats and lipids Proteins Vitamins Minerals Water Nutrients

5 Fruits, grains, and legumes Energy increase Cariogenic foods –Breakdown of sugars causes cavities –Nursing bottle syndrome (NBS) –Preventative Measures Fiber Carbohydrates

6 Fats and Lipids Both are insoluble in water Fats are derived from a solid Lipids are the oils from a liquid

7 Proteins Complete proteins –Contain all ten essential amino acids Animal proteins –Eggs, milk, and meat Incomplete proteins –Contain less than ten amino acids Vegetables and grains

8 Fat-Soluble Vitamins Vitamin A –Carotene versus Retinol Vitamin D Vitamin E Vitamin K

9 Water-Soluble Vitamins Vitamin C –Prevents toothaches –Holds cells together –Found in citrus products

10 Water-Soluble Vitamins Deficiency (Vitamin C) –Improper tooth development –Ulcerated gums –Slow healing process

11 Water-Soluble Vitamins Vitamin B Complex –Thiamin (B1) –Riboflavin (B2) –Niacin (B3)

12 Water-Soluble Vitamins Deficiency (Vitamin B) –Angular Cheilosis –Glossitis –Pellagra

13 Minerals Major minerals –Calcium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, sulfur, magnesium, and chlorine Trace minerals –Copper, chromium, molybdenum, selenium, manganese, iodine, iron, zinc, cobalt, and fluorine

14 Water Most abundant nutrient in the body Primary functions –Solvent for the biochemical reactions –Removes toxic waste from body Must be replenished daily –8 glasses per day recommended –Coffee and alcohol are diuretics

15 Balancing Energy Calories Metabolism –Metabolic rate is the relationship of calories consumed to the calories energized –Basal metabolic rate (BMR) is the energy used when a person is at rest

16 Nutrition Labels Standardized format Ingredients Serving size Calories Nutrients Preservatives Organic

17 Nutrition Labels

18 Eating Disorders Chronic dieting syndrome Bulimia Anorexia nervosa

19 Chronic Dieting Syndrome Characteristics –Large fluctuations in weight –Compulsive overeating –Use of dieting pills Complications –Chemical imbalances –High anxiety levels

20 Bulimia Characteristics –Secretive, obsessive –Binge eating, vomiting –Laxative abuse –Excessive exercise

21 Bulimia Complications in oral cavity –Tooth enamel erosion –Sensitivity to hot and cold –Swollen and tender saliva glands

22 Anorexia Nervosa Characteristics –Extreme aversion to food –Eating perceived as punishment –Food obsessions

23 Anorexia Nervosa Complications in oral cavity –Tooth enamel erosion –Unhealthy gums –Week teeth –Rapid decay

24 Diet, Culture, and Religion Variety of foods –Foods may be unfamiliar –Be informed when making suggestions Variety of backgrounds –Avoid stereotyping