Housing is a Universal Need Interior Design I Chapter 1.1 Notes

Learning Targets I can define housing and briefly describe how it has evolved. I can analyze the basic physical and psychological needs that housing satisfies. I can compare and contrast housing needs among people of different ages and life stages. I can assess the importance of building homes that follow the concept of universal design.

Vocabulary Adaptable Design Archaeologist Barrier-Free Design Housing Lifestyles Nomads Physical Needs Psychological Needs Universal Design

HOME What comes to mind? What is the purpose?

The Development of Housing Natural Shelters- Before tools, people relied on landscape for protection and shelter. Portable Shelters- Hunters and gatherers had to move frequently to be near new sources of food. Their shelters had to be taken apart, moved and reassembled at the next location. Permanent Shelters- With the development of farming, people could stay in one place to plant and harvest their crops and tend to their herds.

Early humans often lived in caves Improved dwellings with primitive doors Made ladders to reach caves in cliffs Dug elaborate pits with sturdy roofs Fireplaces for cooking Used mounds covered with skins for beds Is the image of early humans as “ cave men ” accurate? --Natural Shelters

People survived by hunting, fishing, gathering wild fruit. Those who traveled searching for food needed movable housing. Today… Bedouins in North African Sahara Nomads of Kenya Turkish and Mongolian shepherds What prompted the need for portable shelters? --Portable Shelters

Agriculture methods improved…needed a place to store and preserve food Shelters for possessions Homes were built using the same materials from the area…houses were the SAME! What is historically significant about granaries? --Permanent Shelters

Communities… Established as more and more people built permanent homes. As communities were formed, distinctions in housing developed.

Wealthier classes—lived in two story homes in center of city Middle class—one story homes Poorest people—lived in mud huts in countryside As economic classes developed…

Wealthy people… Wanted to protect themselves & possessions  Chose easily defended sites Cliffs Mountainsides Waterways  Used sturdy construction Thick stone walls Battlements moats

Comfortable Shelters? In earlier times, even the homes of the rich were not especially comfortable. In Medieval castles…  Cold wind blew through the rooms and passageways  Stone floors were cold  Light came dimly through narrow window fitted with small bits of thick glass

1300’s=Comfy! Due to TECHNOLOGY, many homes were brighter, better ventilated and more sanitary. The growth of a prosperous middle class during the Renaissance also influenced people’s expectations of housing. People began to use their homes for (increase in leisure time):  Relaxation  Entertainment/ Social Activity  Privacy

What Is The Family Life Cycle? Throughout the years families experience many changes that affect the family as a whole. The family life cycle is a model that was created to show the five different stages of the cycle. While it is very accurate in most cases, all families are different and the model can’t reflect ALL variations, but it does give a general picture of how families must adapt to changing situations and priorities.

Stage One: Beginning Beginning Stage: Traditionally, the family life cycle begins when two people marry. Priorities at this stage include building a relationship, working out respective roles, and setting goals for the future.

Stage Two: Parenting Parenting Stage: When the couple become parents, their priorities focus on raising children. As they devote time and effort to caring for children, they have less time for activities as a couple.

Stage Three: Launching Launching Stage: This time of transition occurs as the children begin to leave home and become independent. They must adjust to new responsibilities, just as their parents must learn to relate to them as adults.

Stage Four: Middle-Age Middle-Age Stage: After children leave home, parents have more time to focus on being a couple again. The may reassess their careers, take up new hobbies, and become more involved in community activities. Preparing for retirement becomes a more immediate concern.

Stage Five: Retirement Retirement Stage: Retirement gives more time for leisure activities. A couple may move to a smaller home or to a retirement community. In this stage, aging related issues such as health and independence are more likely to be major concerns.

Variations Just like the variations with types of families, there are always exceptions to every rule. For instance: Some people marry and never have children. Other people become parents later in life when most are retiring. Still in other families, the parenting and launching stages may be occurring at the same time. Some people retire and continue to work part- time, and/or become substitute parents to their grandchildren.