Customer Order Order Number Date Cust ID Last Name First Name State Amount Tax Rate Product 1 ID Product 1 Description Product 1 Quantity Product 2 ID Product 2 Description Product 2 Quantity Product 3 ID Product 3 Description Product 3 Quantity Single Table, Not Normalized

Three Problems to Address; (for 1 st, 2 nd, and 3 rd Normal Form) Repeating Groups - Such as Product ID, Product Description Partial Dependencies - An attribute of an entity identified by only part of the concatenated key Transitive Dependencies - An attribute of an entity identified by another attribute (foreign key)

Order Order Number Date Cust ID Last Name First Name State Amount Tax Rate Product Order Order Number Product ID Product Description Product Quantity First Normal Form: no repeating groups

Order Order Number Date Cust ID Last Name First Name State Amount Tax Rate Product Order Order Number Product ID Product Quantity Second Normal Form: No partial dependencies Product Product ID Product Description

Order Cust ID Order Number Date State Amount Product Order Order Number Product ID Product Quantity Product Product ID Product Description Third Normal Form: No transitive dependencies Customer Cust ID Last Name First Name State Tax Rate