Underground Water Development in the Desert EGYPT 2015 Yeung Nam University CheongBo FTK CNB Resources D&S Bering

1. Development of Confined Water A. Specifications 1. Finding Probability: 100% - 3 Dimensional Distribution of Ground Water - Shape, Position, Diameter and Depth of Water-containing Fractured Zone 2. Accuracy (Space Resolution): less than 0.5m 3. Minimum Number of Drilling Hole 4. Low Cost B. Applications 1. Pipe Water 2. Bottled Water 3. Industrial and Agricultural Water 4. Resort (Golf, Water Park, Hot Spring, etc.)

C. Procedure of Water Development (1) Surveying Methods 1. 1st Step: Surveying the ground water distribution Electrical Survey by the CT and Progressive Scanning (PCT, 2015) 2. 2nd Step: Surveying the Shape of Water Tank Electrical Survey by the Progressive Scanning (Korean Patent, 2015) 3. 3rd Step: Drilling-Point Determination Water-Containing Fractured Zone by the Accurate Magnetic Surveying Drilling Point: within 0.5x0.5m 2 (Korean Patent, 2015) (2) Well Developing Process 1. Ground Water Surveying (15-45 days) 2. Drilling (out-sourcing: <15 days) 3. Build-up the Well (2 days) 4. Test for Pumping-out Quantity & Water Quality (7 days)

2. References Surveyed Results at the Hansung Country Club, Suwon city, Korea Determine (1) Position of underground water tank (2) Shape, size, depth of the tank (3) Shape of the water-containing fractured zone (4) Drilling Process

Fractured Zone  Water Reservoir Fractured Zone Location : -80~500 m

(1) Electrical Survey by the CT and Progressive Scanning (same as the theory of f-MRI in medicine) Blue-low resistivity Red-high resistivity Color Code

(2) Water-Containing Fractured Zone by the Accurate Magnetic Surveying Method

CT & Progressive Scanning

Accurate Magnetic Survey 1.Acquired Data 24 kind of data 10 data/second 240 data/second for 1 hour: 60x60x240 = 864,000 data 2. Magnetic sensors in this system data aquisition time: < 0.1 m sec semiconductor GMR sensor 6 sensors: differential operating mode Magnetic Specifications

center 24 1 Measuring Line 3. Practices Hansung Golf Course, Suwon, Korea. 2014

m (1) Same Position position Depth (m) Blue-low resistivity Red-high resistivity Color Code

177 Electrode (position) Strength123 Depth (2) Inlet of Reservoir Depth (m) position 717 Blue-low resistivity Red-high resistivity Color Code

m (3) Confined Water ? Blue-low resistivity Red-high resistivity Color Code

18 8 position Depth (m) (4) Casing & Grouting 8 Casing Grouting Water Pump If Salty

(5) Capacity of Reservoir Assumption: capacity - 1,000 metric tons permeability: 0.1% homogeneous distribution of void, crack and vacant site reservoir shape: sphere Volume of reservoir: 1,000 cubic meters / 0.1% = 10 6 cubic meters Radius of cube: R (4/3) (phi) cubic R = 10 6 R = 62.5 (m) If cube: L = 100m If 1,000 ton-sphere and 0.01% permeability, L = 135m.

(6) Hole Size And Pump Power Renewable Well – Monsoon region Nearby the River & Lake Nonrenewable Well - Desert A. Renewable Aquifer Daily Supplying Capacity - depends on the daily supplying rate. inlet area number of inlet reservoir volume the volume of fracture zone Hole Size & Pump Power Depth of well Daily supplying capacity (Tons/Day) Electricity Power Generator Ground Surface Reservoir Inlet

Nonrenewable Well - Desert B. Nonrenewable Aquifer The Reservoir Volume Hole Size & Pump Power Depth of Well Daily Supplying Capacity (Tons/Day) Operation Period (Well Life Time) Total Supplying Capacity Water Quantity fixed volume of fracture zone permeability Ground Surface Reservoir No Inlet

(7) Member of Drilling Team 1.Drill : operator/assistant 2.Water tank: driver 3.Compressor: operator 4.Rod supplier-9m: driver 5.Wasted water drain control 6.Operating Guard-check the drill balancing

(8) Recharging Rate of Renewable Aquifer Flux Density J J = -D c D – diffusitivity c – water concentration c – concentration gradient

Total Refilling Quantity Q = J A H J: flux density, H: refilling time A: area, Recharging Rate of Renewable Aquifer Area A A = k (  / 2  ) R D R – inlet distance D- depth of the well S= (  / 2  ) : solid angle K - constant Diffusivity D (1)Kind of path (defects) joints, misfits, fracture, permeability (2) Path concentration geological structure materials defects stackings, etc

Semi Renewable Aquifer NILE RIVER  Nile River: Solid Angle S1 = General source : S2 = S1 << S2   QQ Analysis After Drilling:  Quantity Analysis for 3 days  Recharging Rate  water pump/ pipe Design

(9) Quantity/Quality Analysis Quantity/Quality Analysis of water (QQ Analysis) A. Duty 1. Check the QQ of intermediate layered water 2. Check the QQ of the main aquifer 3. Make the Design Source of water well: pump specification & location pipe specification B. Member of QQ Team quarter of NDT (no of drilling team) 2 time of NWDT(no of well develop team)  Total Number of QQ Team: half of NDT

Thank You.