Historical Overview

Knowing our history will help us grow and develop to meet the needs of our community

READ YOUR BOOK At the turn of the century – Psychologists Sigmund Freud, Alfred Adler, Carl Jung –Educational psychologists: J.B. Watson G. Stanley Hall –Vocational guidance: Frank Parsons, Eli Weaver, Jesse Davis –Educators: John Dewey

 testing movement continues: WII test and place draftees  term “mental health “ was coined  Federal Legislations were passed in support of guidance  George Barden Act of 1946  Sputnik

1950s  “Mental Health”  colleges created programs to train counselors  ASCA formed in1958 as a division of APGA now ACA

◦ 1964 and extension of the NDEA Act was passed: provided funds for training elem S. Counselors ◦ Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (Titles I and II) ◦ Late1960s: Service Model ◦ 1970’s Influence of developmental theory on school counseling (Piaget-cognitive, Kohlberg-moral Erikson-psychosocial) ◦ 1980s Emergence of developmental guidance and counseling programs

 Research literature  Position Statement of ASCA  “The role of the professional School Counselor”  “National Standards for School Counseling Programs”

 Recommendations of state departments of education ssp/guidelines.rtf ssp/guidelines.rtf  resurgence of vocational interests  concern for efficacy of guidance in schools- accountability and evaluation  societal changes

 prevention and early-intervention; family cohesiveness (parents working, single parents); multi- cultural society (norms and values and different); mainstreaming; learning effectiveness.  Rogerian counseling won’t do the job  So…….

 Help those in crisisEffect ALL students  ReactiveProactive  Information servicesGuidance Curriculum  AncillaryIntegral  Task orientedGoal-oriented  UnstructuredAccountable

What do we need from school counselors and school psychologists? Where do we go from here?