A PPLICATION OF GIS FOR E MISSION I NVENTORY HATHAIRATANA GARIVAIT and SIRAPONG SOOKTAWEE Environmental Research and Training Center, Thailand

T OP -D OWN M ETHOD emission (Ton) xxx (Ton) Assumption, Relation

SO 2 E MISSION PLOT BY LANDUSE 2003

OVERVIEW OF THIS APPLICATION Calculate total emission form fuel consumption Thailand fuel consumption data are available at Department of Alternative Energy Development and Efficienccy ( ArcGIS software are available at In this study use ArcGIS v Thailand digital map (scale 1: 50,000) of difference provinces is availible at Land Development Department website ( Calculate total emission from economic sectors GIS map preparation

emission (Ton) xxx (Ton) Assumption, Relation Emission by Landuse Category Emission of Transportation Point Source Emission Landuse Map Road Map Point Source Map Fuel Consumption by Economic Sector x Emission Factor Emission by Economic Sector

E MISSION Emission Fuel Consumption Emission Factor

S TEP OF CALCULATION FOR TOTAL EMISSION Retrieve fuel consumption by type of fuel per sector, such as mining, construction, residential, commercial, manufacturing, agriculture and transportation. Calculate emission factor EF = Emission factor (ton Sulfur/PJ) S = Sulfur content of fuel (%) R = Retention factor (proportion of sulfur that is retained in the ash after combustion, kg/kg) C = Net calorific value (TJ/ton) 10 = (Unit) conversion factor

CALCULATION OF EMISSION AMOUNT E = emission (Ton) A = activity rate (e.g., fuel consumption) EF = emission factor ER = overall emission reduction efficiency (%)

E XAMPLE : D ETERMINE SO2 E MISSION F ACTOR OF ULG Sulfur content = 0.01 % (Ref. : PCD, 2003) R = 0 (Ref. : Harry W. Vallack, 2000) C = (Ref. : Harry W. Vallack, 2000) EF = S x (1-R) x 10/C = 0.01 x (1-0) x (10/ ) = ton Sulfur/PJ

EXAMPLE : DETERMINATION OF SO2 EMISSION FROM TRANSPORTATION SECTOR USING ULG A = 3327 kToe (Ref. : DEDE, 2003) EF = ton Sulfur/PJ (from calculation) ER = 0 (non reduction) 1 kToe = TJ E = A x EF x (1-ER) = 3327 kToe x TJ x ton-S x (1-0) x 1 PJ kToe PJ 10 3 TJ = ton Sulfur = ton S x ( 64 ton-SO2 / 32 ton-s) = ton-SO2

E XAMPLE : D ETERMINE SO2 E MISSION F ACTOR OF C OAL Sulfur content = 0.5 % (Ref. : DEDP, 2000) R = 0.05 (Ref. : Harry W. Vallack, 2000) C = 0.03 (Ref. : Harry W. Vallack, 2000) EF = S x (1-R) x 10/C = 0.5 x (1-0.05) x (10/0.03) = ton Sulfur/PJ

EXAMPLE : DETERMINATION OF SO2 EMISSION FROM MANUFACTURING SECTOR USING COAL A = 3920 kToe (Ref. : DEDE, 2003) EF = ton Sulfur/PJ (from calculation) ER = 0 (non reduction) 1 kToe = TJ E = A x EF x (1-ER) = 3920 kToe x TJ x ton-S x (1-0) x 1 PJ kToe PJ 10 3 TJ = ton Sulfur = ton-s x ( 64 ton-SO2 / 32 ton-S) = ton-SO2

T OTAL SO 2 E MISSION OF T HE Y EAR 2003 SectorTon_SO2 Agriculture2, Transportation50, Residential&Commercial3, Construction1, Manufacturing (exclude Power Plant)209, Mining Power Generation70, Total Emission338, Total Area Emission267, * Total Area Emission = Total Emission – Power Generation

T YPE OF G EOGRAPHIC I NFORMATION S YSTEM M AP GIS Map Vector PolygonArcPoint Raster

A = Agriculture U = Urban I = Industrial F = Forest W = Water M = Miscellaneous L ANDUSE * We assumed no SO2 emission from forest, water and miscellaneous.

Industrial (I) Manufacturing = 209, , Mining = Urban (R) Residential & = 3, , Commercial Construction = 1, Agriculture (A) Agriculture = 2, , Landuse Emission by Economic Sector Total emission In ArcGIS (ton-SO2) in each landuse category

R OAD R = Road N = No Road Road in Emission by Economic Sector Total emission ArcGIS (ton-SO2) Road (R) Transportation = 50, ,483.28

P OINT S OURCE Emission of Power Generation = 70, Ton-SO2

SO 2 E MISSION PLOT BY LANDUSE 2003 Total emission = 338, ton SO 2

E XERCISE SO 2 Emission Inventory in Thailand 2003 By Top-Down Approch

E XAMPLE

S TEP 1 : R ETRIEVE L ANDUSE M AP OF P ATHUMTANI P ROVINCE Pathumthani

S TEP 2 : C ONVERT SHAPE FILE TO 3 X 3 KM 2 GRID (R ASTER ) FILE TO EVEATE IDENTITY OF GRID FILE

S TEP 3 : C REATE POINT SHAPE FILE THAT REPRESENT 3 X 3 KM 2 GRID FILE TO CREATE IDENTITY OF GRID FILE

S TEP 4 : O VERLAY ROAD SHAPE FILE ON THE POINT SHAPE FILE

S TEP 5 : F IND THE POINT THAT PASSED BY ROAD

Distribution of emission data to GIS map

S TEP 1 : R ETRIEVE C OUNTRY M AP

S TEP 2 : C REATE GRID EMISSION TABLE FOR JOINING “ LU ” AND “ ROAD ” FIELD In the attribute table, there are “lu” and “road” columns Create the table by Excel and save in dBase file (.dbf)

S TEP 3 : JOIN GRID EMISSION TABLES TO ATTRIBUTE TABLE OF COUNTRY MAP

S TEP 4 : P LOT SO 2 E MISSION M AP

SO 2 E MISSION PLOT BY LANDUSE 2003 Total emission = 338, ton SO 2

Comparison of the total SO 2 emission with other studies Year ERTCDEDE (1) JICA (2) NA* (10 3 Ton) (1) Department of Alternative Energy Development and Efficiency (2) Japan International Cooperation Agency report * not available

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