Blood Composition and Function Chapter 16

The Blood Outline Where are blood cells made? What is the composition of blood? Function of different types of blood cells Disorders of the blood Blood types and Rh factor Pregnancy and blood types

Where is blood made and what is blood?

Bone marrow

What is blood made of? plasma Water (92%) & Proteins Albumins Globulins fibrinogen plasma Blood cells

Hematocrit Females: 38-48% Males: 42-52%

Types of blood cells and fragments Leukocytes Thrombocytes Erythrocytes White Blood Cells Platelets are cell fragments ------------------------------------------------------------------- Red Blood Cells

I. Leukocytes

The histologic appearance of various leukoctyes Dendritic Basophils Neutrophil Eosinophil Monocytes Lymphocyte rare 50-70% 1-3% 1-6% 20-35% ?? The histologic appearance of various leukoctyes WBC’s “lifespan” 6-24 hours.

The phagocytic cells Neutrophils Monocytes Macrophages

More pictures of leukocytes http://www.unomaha.edu/hpa/blood.html

Pathology of WBC Leukemia=cancer of white blood cell 75% childhood leukemias

Epstein-Barr Virus Infectious Virus affects “B-lymphocytes”

II. Platelets Platelets are not true cells Lifespan of about 10 days

An “inactive platelet” “An activated platelet”

Blood Clotting

Blood Clotting Thromboplastin Prothrombin Thrombin Fibrinogen Fibrin Platelets Injured blood vessel Inactive form Active form Inactive Active Trapped in fibrin

The clot can also disappear… Plasminogen Tissue Plasminogen Activator Plasmin Dissolves clot

III. Erythrocytes most numerous cell of the body!

Inside the red blood cell! Iron CARRIES O2 and CO2

Anemia: What is it? Decreased ability to carry oxygen

Some Causes of Anemia Iron deficiency Hemorrhage: uncontrolled bleeding Hemophila Reduced hemoglobin Low erythropoietin Sickle Cell Anemia

Sickle Cell Anemia

Hemophilia Inherited Disease Blood Clotting Disorder Affects males more than females

Blood Types & Membrane Glycoproteins

First! You need a basic idea of “antibodies and antigens” as it relates to blood types for this section.

The binding of antibodies to antigens leads to agglutination or blood clotting.

Mismatched Blood Types: Basis of agglutination

Are there other glycoproteins on the surface of RBC’s?

Yes! The Rh Factor Rh stands for Rhesus (monkeys)

Rh factor A person can be Rh negative Or A person can be Rh positive

Importance of Rh factor Rh antigen may pose a problem with pregnancy Why?

Rh factor and Pregnancy Mother Child 1 Agglutination Of child’s 1 blood Child 2 Of child’s 2 blood Rh+ No Rh- Yes

Ch. 7 The End

Simulated Blood Typing Lab

The mixing step: Blood + Antiserum Plastic “Dish” Drop of Blood + Anti-A + Anti-B + Anti-D

Mix the single drop of blood with anti-serum (use a toothpick for mixing) Anti-A Anti-B Anti-D

Examples of results:

Type A, Rh negative Type A Anti-A Anti-B Anti-D

Type B, Rh positive Anti-A Anti-B Anti-D

Type AB, Rh negative Anti-A Anti-B Anti-D

Type O, Rh positive Anti-A Anti-B Anti-D