1/7 QOD Describe how modern energy demands have changed in the last 250 years.

 The History of Energy and our Current situation

First Law of Thermodynamics  First Law: Energy cannot be created or destroyed.  Energy Flows through Systems Sun  Plants  geologic forces  coal  human effort  power plant  electricity  toaster  toast  you  heat, walking around, talking, thinking, etc.  Energy can change form Nuclear  light  chemical  mechanical  chemical  mechanical  heat  mechanical  electrical  heat  chemical  heat, mechanical, sound, chemical, etc.

Second Law of Thermodynamics  When energy is converted from one form to another, a less useful form results (a decrease in energy quality).  Energy cannot be recycled to a higher quality.  Only 20% of the energy in gasoline is converted to mechanical energy. The rest is lost as heat (low quality energy)  Heat is the by-product of most energy conversions

Energy Needs  Energy demands are continually increasing  All societies on Earth want better standards of living  Requires Energy  Diverse sources of energy can meet these increasing demands

Historical U.S. Energy Consumption

1964 Prediction of Oil Production

Energy and International Politics  As of the mid-1960s, the U.S. was no longer self-sufficient in energy and begins to import oil.  This generates instability in the U.S. economy with numerous "oil crises"  1973: OPEC embargo in response to western support of Israel  1979: Iranian Revolution  1990: First Gulf War  : Deregulation of California energy industry leads to corporate corruption  : Political instability in Venezuela, Iran, and Iraq; increased demand by India and China

Oil Crises & the Economy  A 5% decrease in Imported Oil will cause an Energy/Oil Crisis.  All Oil Crises have resulted in high rates of inflation followed by recessions  In 1998, the U.S. began to import more oil than what it produced domestically.  According to the EIA, the current recession is the result of 2 factors:  Oil shortage  Sub-prime mortgage crisis

Present Global Energy Use

Worldwide Energy Supply (tW)