Fitz-AP Gov Federalism, Pt. II

Interstate Relations

Intestate Compacts –States may make agreements to solving shared problems

Interstate Relations Full Faith & Credit –Each state must honor the laws, records and civil court decisions of every other State

Interstate Relations Privileges & Immunities –No State may unreasonably discriminate against a person who lives in another State

Interstate Relations Extradition –A fugitive from justice in one State is returned to it from another State

Opinion: Do non-resident tuition and fees violate the “privileges and immunities” clause? Privileges & Immunities –Hunting Licenses Resident: $23 Non-Resident: $300 –Fishing Licenses Resident: $28 Non-Resident: $55 –College Tuition University of Texas, 2001 –In-State: $3,128 –Out-of-State: $9,608 Full Faith & Credit –Quickie Divorces

Types of Grants (Fiscal Federalism)

Block grants States able to spend federal money how they want Considerable freedom “No strings” attached Housing and Job training Very broad

Categorical grants (2 types) Comes with strings attached “No strings” attached Considerably less freedom than with block grants

Formula grants Narrow scope, specified nationally Distribution according to formula, usually based on need and effort. Medicaid, School Lunch Program, public housing, employment programs

Project grants Often competition by prospective grantees, projects selected by federal administrators. Narrow scope Distributed based on federal administrative decisions National Science Foundation, Race to the Top

Grants-in-aid “Carrot and stick” approach Use funding to coerce states into adopting certain policies Ex. Aid has been withheld from some cities until police departments have been racially and sexually integrated

Mandates Financial obligations for states but no funds to meet them Americans with Disabilities Act Clean Air Act of 1970

The “Devolution Revolution” Returning powers back to the states Welfare Reform –Inequality “New Federalism” and the 1995 GOP takeover

The 1995 House GOP Takeover

2010?

Summary Block grants

Summary Categorical grants

Summary Unfunded mandates

State Powers Regulate trade and business within the State Establish public schools Pass license requirements for professionals Regulate alcoholic beverages Conduct elections Establish local governments

National Powers Coin money Regulate interstate and foreign commerce Raise and maintain armed forces Declare war Govern US territories Admit new States Conduct foreign relations

Federal, State or Local Quiz 1.Grass clippings and leaves must be in 30 gallon paper bags 2.You must submit an IRS tax return by April 15 3.Animals must be on a leash while in a public place 4.You must be of at least 16 years of age to drive 5.You may not park in your front yard 6.You must be at least 21 years of age to buy alcoholic beverages 7.You must be at least 18 years of age to vote 8.All males age 18 and over must register for the draft 9.Sex offenders must register with the police 10.All children ages 16 and under must attend school

Federal, State or Local Quiz 1.Grass clippings and leaves must be in 30 gallon paper bags 2.You must submit an IRS tax return by April 15 3.Animals must be on a leash while in a public place 4.You must be of at least 16 years of age to drive 5.You may not park in your front yard 6.You must be at least 21 years of age to buy alcoholic beverages 7.You must be at least 18 years of age to vote 8.All males age 18 and over must register for the draft 9.Sex offenders must register with the police 10.All children ages 16 and under must attend school L F L S L S F F L S

Katrina: Who’s To Blame? Major Disaster Relief Process –Step 1: Local Government Responds –Step 2: The State Responds –Step 3: Damage Assessment By Federal, State, Local and Volunteer Organizations –Step 4: A Major Disaster Declaration Is Requested By The Governor –Step 5: FEMA Evaluates Request –Step 6: The President Approves or Denies The Request

Katrina: Who’s To Blame?

Characteristics of: Federalism Unitary Pro: Con: Confederal: Pro: Con: Advantages of Federalism (4): Types of power: Expressed (enumerated)- Implied: Reserved: Concurrent: Why federalism? Disadvantages of Federalism (4): X Federalism Pt. 1