Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. PowerPoint to accompany Krar Gill Smid Technology of Machine Tools 6 th Edition Computer-Age Machining Section 14

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. PowerPoint to accompany Krar Gill Smid Technology of Machine Tools 6 th Edition The Computer Unit 75

75-3 Objectives Describe generally the development of computers over the ages Explain briefly the effect of computers on everyday life

75-4 Counting Primitive people used fingers, toes, stones About 4000 b.c. abacus developed in Orient –Used principle of moving beads on several wires –Very accurate when properly used –Still found in use in older and smaller Asian businesses today

75-5 History of the Computer First mechanical calculator in 1642 –Blaise Pascal (French developer) –Could only add and subtract Second mechanical calculator in 1671 –German mathematician –Could add, subtract, multiply and divide Difference engine –Charles Babbage (19 th Century Englishman) –Calculate function, do logarithms

75-6 History of the Computer Punch card driven weaving loom in 1804 –J. M. Jacquard (French mechanic) Punched card system to record personal information for 1890 U.S. census –Herman Hollerith (United States) –Led to development of early office tabulating machines

75-7 History of the Computer Simple computer in 1930's –Konrad Zuse (German) –Used to calculate wing designs First remote data processing machine in 1939 –George Stibitz (Mathematician) –Could do calculations over telephone wires

75-8 History of the Computer Colossus I built during World War II –British –Helped break German military codes Mark I, first large computer –Assembled at Harvard University by IBM ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrating Automatic Computer) in 1946 –First electronic digital computer –Vacuum tube used as logic element

75-9 History of the Computer First transistor in 1947 –Bell Laboratories –Used switches to control flow of electrons Integrated circuits (ICs) in late 1950's –Kilby (Texas Instruments) and Noyce (Fairchild) –Transistors etched on wafer of silicon (chip) Microprocessor in 1971 –Intel Corporation –Chip contains entire central processing unit

75-10 Role of the Computer Thousands of transistors and circuits on chip Prototype of thinking computer using AI (Artificial Intelligence) introduced in 1990's Commercial product came 5 years later –Able to recognize nature speech and written text –Learns by recalling and studying errors

75-11 AI Computer Uses Medical centers –Catalog diseases and symptoms for diagnosis purposes Education –Kids learn more at younger age Predict weather Guide planes, missiles, spaceships

75-12 AI in Manufacturing Efficiency in manufacturing Improve productivity through computer-aided design (CAD) Less scrap with computer-assisted manufacturing (CAM) and more reliability Monitor industrial environments Robots –Perform dangerous and boring tasks