Good Morning AP Bio!! We will go over the Safety Contract first today…please have it out We will also finish our notes from yesterday. Pillbug lab prep is tomorrow…bring bugs by Thursday. You will need your comp lab notebook for tomorrow. You will get reading questions for Chapter 51 today. These will be due TUESDAY along with your summer homework. (No reading questions for Ch ) This is the day we will be taking our first Quiz! YAY!!

AP Biology Chapters ,

Population: group of individuals of a single species living in the same general area who interact and interbreed density: number of individuals per unit area not a static number...constantly changing (births, deaths, immigration, emigration) dispersion: pattern of spacing among individuals, indicates social interactions in a population clumped, uniform, or random territoriality also influences dispersion Not easy to count all individuals in a population...use mark- recapture method to estimate population sizes

Survivorship Curves graphical representation of number of organisms alive in a population over time in age ranges (death rate) Type I: low death rates early in life, increases in older age-groups humans, elephants, primates and other organisms with lots of parental care Type II: constant death rate over life span squirrels, rodents, plants Type III: high death rate in younger ages, death rate declines (levels off) in older age groups organisms with large numbers of offspring and little parental care (invertebrates and fishes)

Exponential Growth rapid growth, occurs in times of unlimited resources (no carrying capacity) produces a J-shaped curve Formula: population growth= r max (N) (births-deaths) r max = maximum per capita growth rate of a population N= population size

Logistic Growth growth limited by a carrying capacity (number of individuals an ecosystem can support) varies with changing resources growth rate approaches zero as the carrying capacity is reached r= r max = maximum per capita growth rate N= population size K= carrying capacity

Factors regulating population size density-independent: does not influence the birth or death rate natural disasters, weather, sunlight, temperature density-dependent: increases death rate, decreases birth rate competition, predation, intrinsic physiologic factors, waste buildup, territoriality, disease negative feedback!

Species Interactions two or more species interacting in a positive, negative, or neutral relationship competitive exclusion: two species competing for the same resource cannot coexist permanently; one species will use the resource more effectively and outcompete the other species symbiosis: individuals of two or more species live in direct close contact with one another cooperative behavior: organisms work together for mutual benefits (social animals, insects)

Species Interaction +/-DescriptionExample interspecific competition -/- individuals of a different species compete for a resource that limits their growth and survival Bison and grasshoppers both compete to eat grass Predation+/- one species (predator) kills and eats the other (prey) lion attacking and eating an antelope Herbivory+/- an organism eats all or part of a plant/algae cows and sheep eat grass; manatee eating sea grass Parasitism+/- an organism (parasite) eats and lives on or inside another (host) tapeworms in small intestine; fleas on outside of dog Mutualism+/+benefits both species nitrogen fixing bacteria and legumes, bacteria in digestive system Commensalism+/0 one species benefits, the other is neither hurt/benefited birds and grazing animals, barnacles and whales