Applied Computing Technology Laboratory QuickStart C# Learning to Program in C# Amy Roberge & John Linehan November 7, 2005

Applied Computing Technology Laboratory 2 The C# Programming Language Developed in 2000 Created by Microsoft as part of their.NET platform to unite programming languages for web based usage Microsoft chose the chief programmer of Delphi, Anders Hejlsberg, to lead the development of C# Based on C++ and Java. More of an extension of existing languages than a new one. The name C# is supposed to be a progression of C++ and the # contains four + symbols.NET is proprietary. Mono is an open source project led by Novell to make a compatible set of.NET tools

Applied Computing Technology Laboratory 3 C# vs. Java Similarities Require a virtual machine Similar syntax Automatic garbage collection Object oriented Large class library C# over Java Allows “structs” Switch statements can be applied to strings (vs. characters or numbers) Support for output parameters, allowing multiple values to be returned

Applied Computing Technology Laboratory 4 C# Advantages Only allows single inheritance, but can implement any number of interfaces Provides a balance of C++, rapid development, Visual Basic, Delphi, and Java Automatic garbage collection

Applied Computing Technology Laboratory 5 C# Disadvantages Requires the.NET Runtime Environment to run More overhead Doesn’t have true multiple inheritance “Unsafe code” is required to manage memory directly and can be very complex and difficult to debug

Applied Computing Technology Laboratory 6 C# Specification Available from MSDN (Microsoft Developer Network): Current as of 3/2005, C# 2.0 Explains: Grammar Structure Generics Types, values, variables, iterators Type conversions and promotions Classes, methods Arrays, exceptions, execution, blocks, statements, expressions, declarations, interfaces, arguments

Applied Computing Technology Laboratory 7 C# Grammar Available on MSDN web site us/csspec/html/vclrfcsharpspec_c.asp us/csspec/html/vclrfcsharpspec_c.asp Example: Type: Identifier [TypeArguments]{. Identifier [TypeArguments]} {[]} BasicType TypeArguments: TypeArgument: Type ? [( extends | super ) Type] Identifier: IDENTIFIER BasicType: byte | short | char | int | long | float | double | boolean

Applied Computing Technology Laboratory 8 Reserved Words abstractasbaseboolbreakbytecase catchcharcheckedclassconstcontinuedecimal defaultdelegatedodoubleelseenumevent explicitexternfalsefinallyfixedfloatfor foreachgotoifimplicitinintinterface internalislocklongnamespacenewnull objectoperatoroutoverrideparamsprivateprotected publicreadonlyrefreturnsbytesealedshort sizeofstackallocstaticstringstructswitchthis throwtruetrytypeofuintulongunchecked unsafeushortusingvirtualvoidvolatilewhile

Applied Computing Technology Laboratory 9 Step 1: Getting Started Download & install.NET Framework SDK 1.1: 9f41-a333c6b9181d&displaylang=en 9f41-a333c6b9181d&displaylang=en Double-click on file to run installer Follow all the defaults

Applied Computing Technology Laboratory 10 Step 2: SharpDevelop Opensource IDE Download & install SharpDevelop from: Run the installation and launch SharpDevelop

Applied Computing Technology Laboratory 11 Step 3: Write a simple program File->New->Combine Select “C#” category and new Console Application template and click Create Name project “Hello World” SharpDevelop recognizes the Hello World name and automatically produces the code

Applied Computing Technology Laboratory 12 Hello World using System; namespace Hello_World { class MainClass { public static void Main(string[] args) { Console.WriteLine("Hello World!"); }

Applied Computing Technology Laboratory 13 Step 4: Run the program Click Build Select Build Combine View the console at the bottom for progress After the file is compiled, select Debug and then click Run. Watch the command prompt window open and display the output

Applied Computing Technology Laboratory 14 Learning more about C# Visit the QuickStart Languages web site Visit C# Station Visit the Microsoft Developer Center Find Helpful C# tools Wikipedia