Objective: Students will continue their study of World War I by reviewing trench warfare and how the U.S. entered World War I Drill: Where were you on January 27 th 2007?

V. THE WAR AND THE ARMISTICE: 1918 A.The Final German Effort 1.March - July - create pockets in allied lines 800,000 casualties for French and British

2. American troops led by John J. Pershing tilt the balance in the second Battle of the Marne 3. Pershing’s army undertook the Meuse-Argonne offensive, from Sept. 26 to Nov. 11, 1918.

B. Armistice 1. September 29, 1918: German army informs the government that the war is lost and demands an armistice 2. Armistice accepted on November 1, 1918

C. Events in America 1. Women a. to release men for military service many women took jobs b. by the end of the war, little opposition remained to granting women political rights

2. African-Americans a. Thousands of African Americans in the South migrated north to work in war-related factories b. Significant sociological significance: Race riots occurred in 26 cities

3. Domestic policies a. Selective Service Act- starts the draft, requiring all men to register. b. Creel Committee – Committee of Public Information (CPI)- Creel typified American war mobilization which relied more on aroused passion and voluntary compliance than on formal laws.

c. Liberty Bonds-sold by the United States government to fund the war.

d. Limits of Civil Liberties: i. Espionage Act of 1917 & Sedition Act of Provided fines & imprisonment for people aiding the enemy, forbade any criticism of the gov’t, flag, or uniform and expanded mail exclusion. ii. Targeted anti-war Socialists Eugene V. Debs convicted under the Espionage Act in 1918.

iii. Schenck v. U.S. (1919) a. Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr., stated Congress could limit free speech when words represented a "clear and present danger... "A person could not cry "fire" in an empty theater."